biostudies-literatureHortensius LMAthena grant, ‘Utrecht Center for Food and Health – research program specialized nutrition’, subsidy from the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Utrecht Province and the municipality of Utrecht.3409https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8539908biostudies-literatureUnknown13(10)Determining optimal nutritional regimens in extremely preterm infants remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a new nutritional regimen and individual macronutrient intake on white matter integrity and neurodevelopmental outcome. Two retrospective cohorts of extremely preterm infants (gestational age < 28 weeks) were included. Cohort B (n = 79) received a new nutritional regimen, with more rapidly increased, higher protein intake compared to cohort A (n = 99). Individual protein, lipid, and caloric intakes were calculated for the first 28 postnatal days. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed at term-equivalent age, and cognitive and motor development were evaluated at 2 years corrected age (CA) (Bayley-III-NL) and 5.9 years chronological age (WPPSI-III-NL, MABC-2-NL). Compared to cohort A, infants in cohort B had significantly higher protein intake (3.4 g/kg/day vs. 2.7 g/kg/day) and higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in several white matter tracts but lower motor scores at 2 years CA (mean (SD) 103 (12) vs. 109 (12)). Higher protein intake was associated with higher FA and lower motor scores at 2 years CA (B = -6.7, p = 0.001). However, motor scores at 2 years CA were still within the normal range and differences were not sustained at 5.9 years. There were no significant associations with lipid or caloric intake. In extremely preterm born infants, postnatal protein intake seems important for white matter development but does not necessarily improve long-term cognitive and motor development.NutrientsNutritional Intake, White Matter Integrity, and Neurodevelopment in Extremely Preterm Born Infants.PMC8539908NAEijsermans MJCClaessens NHPHortensius LMSwanenburg de Veye HFNTataranno MLGroenendaal Fvan Beek PEvan der Aa NEJanson EDudink JKoopman-Esseboom Cvan Elburg RMBenders MJNLfalseNutritional Intake, White Matter Integrity, and Neurodevelopment in Extremely Preterm Born Infants.Determining optimal nutritional regimens in extremely preterm infants remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a new nutritional regimen and individual macronutrient intake on white matter integrity and neurodevelopmental outcome. Two retrospective cohorts of extremely preterm infants (gestational age < 28 weeks) were included. Cohort B (n = 79) received a new nutritional regimen, with more rapidly increased, higher protein intake compared to cohort A (n = 99). Individual protein, lipid, and caloric intakes were calculated for the first 28 postnatal days. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed at term-equivalent age, and cognitive and motor development were evaluated at 2 years corrected age (CA) (Bayley-III-NL) and 5.9 years chronological age (WPPSI-III-NL, MABC-2-NL). Compared to cohort A, infants in cohort B had significantly higher protein intake (3.4 g/kg/day vs. 2.7 g/kg/day) and higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in several white matter tracts but lower motor scores at 2 years CA (mean (SD) 103 (12) vs. 109 (12)). Higher protein intake was associated with higher FA and lower motor scores at 2 years CA (B = -6.7, p = 0.001). However, motor scores at 2 years CA were still within the normal range and differences were not sustained at 5.9 years. There were no significant associations with lipid or caloric intake. In extremely preterm born infants, postnatal protein intake seems important for white matter development but does not necessarily improve long-term cognitive and motor development.2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Sep2024-11-12T04:30:31.835Z2024-11-12T04:30:31.835ZS-EPMC85399083468441010.3390/nu13103409