biostudies-literatureUnknown11(1)Pirzadian JVerona Integron-encoded Metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM) is the most frequently-encountered carbapenemase in the healthcare-related pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the Netherlands, a low-endemic country for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, no national surveillance data on the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa (CPPA) was available. Therefore, in 2016, a national surveillance pilot study was initiated to investigate the occurrence, molecular epidemiology, genetic characterization, and resistomes of CPPA among P. aeruginosa isolates submitted by medical microbiology laboratories (MMLs) throughout the country. From 1221 isolates included in the study, 124 (10%) produced carbapenemase (CIM-positive); of these, the majority (95, 77%) were positive for the bla_VIM gene using PCR. Sequencing was performed on 112 CIM-positive and 56 CIM-negative isolates (n = 168), and genetic clustering revealed that 75/168 (45%) isolates were highly similar. This genetic cluster, designated Group 1, comprised isolates that belonged to high-risk sequence type ST111/serotype O12, had similar resistomes, and all but two carried the bla_VIM-2 allele on an identical class 1 integron. Additionally, Group 1 isolates originated from around the country (i.e. seven provinces) and from multiple MMLs. In conclusion, the Netherlands had experienced a nationwide, inter-institutional, clonal outbreak of VIM-2-producing P. aeruginosa for at least three years, which this pilot study was crucial in identifying. A structured, national surveillance program is strongly advised to monitor the spread of Group 1 CPPA, to identify emerging clones/carbapenemase genes, and to detect transmission in and especially between hospitals in order to control current and future outbreaks.Scientific reports21015https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8545960biostudies-literatureNational surveillance pilot study unveils a multicenter, clonal outbreak of VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST111 in the Netherlands between 2015 and 2017.PMC8545960Muller AESchneeberger Pvan Dam DWZwart Bvan Dam Avan Santen-Verheuvel MStals FSKluytmans JAJWSilvis WKlaassen CHWSchoffelen AFWolfhagen MJHMDorigo-Zetsma JWDutch CPE surveillance Study GroupPersoon MCTrienekens TAMvan Elzakker EPMCohen Stuart JWTMennen MGBosboom RWSteingrover RVos MCHeikens EBode Lvan Griethuysen AJvan der Linden MPMSeverin JAOudbier JHNotermans DWvan Dijk KBathoorn ESchulin TSinnige JCWertheim Hvan der Vusse Mvan Ogtrop MLvan Mens SPRoescher NVoss AOverdevest ITMAPirzadian JMaijer-Reuwer AVlek ALMMattsson EEde Greeff SCTroelstra Avan Rijn Mvan Trijp Mde Man PDamen MFrenay HMEde Brauwer EIGBWielders CCHDiederen BMWden Reijer MMelles DCPaltansing SWitteveen SSpijkerman IJBDinant Sde Jong ELeversteijn-van Hall MABuiting AGMHalaby TWaar KStam ASchouls LMOtt AfalseNational surveillance pilot study unveils a multicenter, clonal outbreak of VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST111 in the Netherlands between 2015 and 2017.Verona Integron-encoded Metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM) is the most frequently-encountered carbapenemase in the healthcare-related pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the Netherlands, a low-endemic country for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, no national surveillance data on the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa (CPPA) was available. Therefore, in 2016, a national surveillance pilot study was initiated to investigate the occurrence, molecular epidemiology, genetic characterization, and resistomes of CPPA among P. aeruginosa isolates submitted by medical microbiology laboratories (MMLs) throughout the country. From 1221 isolates included in the study, 124 (10%) produced carbapenemase (CIM-positive); of these, the majority (95, 77%) were positive for the bla_VIM gene using PCR. Sequencing was performed on 112 CIM-positive and 56 CIM-negative isolates (n = 168), and genetic clustering revealed that 75/168 (45%) isolates were highly similar. This genetic cluster, designated Group 1, comprised isolates that belonged to high-risk sequence type ST111/serotype O12, had similar resistomes, and all but two carried the bla_VIM-2 allele on an identical class 1 integron. Additionally, Group 1 isolates originated from around the country (i.e. seven provinces) and from multiple MMLs. In conclusion, the Netherlands had experienced a nationwide, inter-institutional, clonal outbreak of VIM-2-producing P. aeruginosa for at least three years, which this pilot study was crucial in identifying. A structured, national surveillance program is strongly advised to monitor the spread of Group 1 CPPA, to identify emerging clones/carbapenemase genes, and to detect transmission in and especially between hospitals in order to control current and future outbreaks.2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Oct2026-05-08T07:03:36.099Z2024-11-09T21:21:57.303ZS-EPMC85459603469734410.1038/s41598-021-00205-w