biostudies-literatureZeng XWuhan University8669098https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8546403biostudies-literatureUnknown2021<h4>Objective</h4>This study explored the consistency and differences in the immune cells and cytokines between patients with COVID-19 or cancer. We further analyzed the correlations between the acute inflammation and cancer-related immune disorder.<h4>Methods</h4>This retrospective study involved 167 COVID-19 patients and 218 cancer patients. COVID-19 and cancer were each further divided into two subgroups. Quantitative and qualitative variables were measured by one-way ANOVA and chi-square test, respectively. Herein, we carried out a correlation analysis between immune cells and cytokines and used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to discover the optimal diagnostic index.<h4>Results</h4>COVID-19 and cancers were associated with lymphopenia and high levels of monocytes, neutrophils, IL-6, and IL-10. IL-2 was the optimal indicator to differentiate the two diseases. Compared with respiratory cancer patients, COVID-19 patients had lower levels of IL-2 and higher levels of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells and CD19⁺ B cells. In the subgroup analysis, IL-6 was the optimal differential diagnostic parameter that had the ability to identify if COVID-19 patients would be severely affected, and severe COVID-19 patients had lower levels of lymphocyte subsets (CD3⁺ T cells, CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells, CD3⁺CD8⁺T cells, and CD19⁺ B cells) and CD16⁺CD56⁺ NK cells and higher level of neutrophils. There were significant differences in the levels of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells and CD19⁺ B cells between T_1-2 and T_3-4 stages as well as IL-2 and CD19⁺ B cells between N_0-1 and N_2-3 stages while no significant differences between the metastatic and nonmetastatic cancer patients. Additionally, there were higher correlations between IL-2 and IL-4, TNF-<i>α</i> and IL-2, TNF-<i>α</i> and IL-4, TNF-<i>α</i> and IFN-<i>γ</i>, and CD16⁺CD56⁺NK cells and various subsets of T cells in COVID-19 patients. There was a higher correlation between CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells and CD19⁺ B cells in cancer patients.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Inflammation associated with COVID-19 or cancer had effects on patients' outcomes. Accompanied by changes in immune cells and cytokines, there were consistencies, differences, and satisfactory correlations between patients with COVID-19 and those with cancers.Journal of immunology researchCOVID-19 and Cancer: Discovery of Difference in Clinical Immune Indexes.PMC8546403ZNPY2019002319005582018YFE020450081872200Li YPan YYang LJiang XZeng XfalseCOVID-19 and Cancer: Discovery of Difference in Clinical Immune Indexes.<h4>Objective</h4>This study explored the consistency and differences in the immune cells and cytokines between patients with COVID-19 or cancer. We further analyzed the correlations between the acute inflammation and cancer-related immune disorder.<h4>Methods</h4>This retrospective study involved 167 COVID-19 patients and 218 cancer patients. COVID-19 and cancer were each further divided into two subgroups. Quantitative and qualitative variables were measured by one-way ANOVA and chi-square test, respectively. Herein, we carried out a correlation analysis between immune cells and cytokines and used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to discover the optimal diagnostic index.<h4>Results</h4>COVID-19 and cancers were associated with lymphopenia and high levels of monocytes, neutrophils, IL-6, and IL-10. IL-2 was the optimal indicator to differentiate the two diseases. Compared with respiratory cancer patients, COVID-19 patients had lower levels of IL-2 and higher levels of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells and CD19⁺ B cells. In the subgroup analysis, IL-6 was the optimal differential diagnostic parameter that had the ability to identify if COVID-19 patients would be severely affected, and severe COVID-19 patients had lower levels of lymphocyte subsets (CD3⁺ T cells, CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells, CD3⁺CD8⁺T cells, and CD19⁺ B cells) and CD16⁺CD56⁺ NK cells and higher level of neutrophils. There were significant differences in the levels of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells and CD19⁺ B cells between T_1-2 and T_3-4 stages as well as IL-2 and CD19⁺ B cells between N_0-1 and N_2-3 stages while no significant differences between the metastatic and nonmetastatic cancer patients. Additionally, there were higher correlations between IL-2 and IL-4, TNF-<i>α</i> and IL-2, TNF-<i>α</i> and IL-4, TNF-<i>α</i> and IFN-<i>γ</i>, and CD16⁺CD56⁺NK cells and various subsets of T cells in COVID-19 patients. There was a higher correlation between CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells and CD19⁺ B cells in cancer patients.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Inflammation associated with COVID-19 or cancer had effects on patients' outcomes. Accompanied by changes in immune cells and cytokines, there were consistencies, differences, and satisfactory correlations between patients with COVID-19 and those with cancers.2021-01-01T00:00:00Z20212025-04-04T22:43:18.709Z2025-04-04T22:43:18.709ZS-EPMC85464033471274110.1155/2021/8669098