biostudies-literatureWang YPostdoctoral Research Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China69https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8607650biostudies-literatureUnknown13(1)<h4>Background</h4>The increase of inflammation-inducing enterobacteria was recently observed in severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). This study aimed to verify the occurrence of bacterial translocation (BT) and further explore the contributory role of BT to severity of EV-A71-mediated HFMD cases.<h4>Methods</h4>Serum specimens from 65 mild and 65 severe EV-A71-associated HFMD cases and 65 healthy children were collected. EV-A71 VP1 in serum, inflammatory mediators including C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-6, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, BT related biomarkers including Claudin-3, intestinal fatty acid binding protein, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble CD14 (sCD14) and endotoxin core antibody were measured by ELISA. Bacterial DNA (BactDNGut pathogensTranslocating lipopolysaccharide correlates with the severity of enterovirus A71-induced HFMD by promoting pro-inflammation and viral IRES activity.PMC8607650820033372020M683268Yang XYang JFeng XDan KYang QWang YChen BXue XfalseTranslocating lipopolysaccharide correlates with the severity of enterovirus A71-induced HFMD by promoting pro-inflammation and viral IRES activity.<h4>Background</h4>The increase of inflammation-inducing enterobacteria was recently observed in severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). This study aimed to verify the occurrence of bacterial translocation (BT) and further explore the contributory role of BT to severity of EV-A71-mediated HFMD cases.<h4>Methods</h4>Serum specimens from 65 mild and 65 severe EV-A71-associated HFMD cases and 65 healthy children were collected. EV-A71 VP1 in serum, inflammatory mediators including C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-6, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, BT related biomarkers including Claudin-3, intestinal fatty acid binding protein, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble CD14 (sCD14) and endotoxin core antibody were measured by ELISA. Bacterial DNA (BactDN2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Nov2026-05-08T18:18:20.638Z2022-02-11T13:11:05.706ZS-EPMC86076503480967110.1186/s13099-021-00465-x