biostudies-literatureSalamon SNational Science Center1461https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8624912biostudies-literatureUnknown10(11)Bread wheat (<i>Triticum</i> <i>aestivum</i> L.) is an agronomically significant cereal cultivated worldwide. Wheat breeding is limited by numerous abiotic and biotic stresses. One of the most deleterious factors is biotic stress provoked by the <i>Fusarium</i> <i>culmorum</i> fungus. This pathogen is a causative agent of Fusarium root rot and Fusarium head blight. Beneficial fungi <i>Trichoderma atroviride</i> and <i>T. cremeum</i> are strong antagonists of mycotoxigenic <i>Fusarium</i> spp. These fungi promote plant growth and enhance their tolerance of negative environmental conditions. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the spatial (in above- and underground organs) and temporal (early: 6 and 22 hpi; and late: 5 and 7 dpi reactions) expression profiles of threePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)Expression Patterns of miR398, miR167, and miR159 in the Interaction between Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum</i> <i>aestivum</i> L.) and Pathogenic <i>Fusarium</i> <i>culmorum</i> and Beneficial <i>Trichoderma</i> Fungi.PMC86249122015/19/B/NZ9/03083Salamon SGromadzka KZok JBlaszczyk LfalseExpression Patterns of miR398, miR167, and miR159 in the Interaction between Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum</i> <i>aestivum</i> L.) and Pathogenic <i>Fusarium</i> <i>culmorum</i> and Beneficial <i>Trichoderma</i> Fungi.Bread wheat (<i>Triticum</i> <i>aestivum</i> L.) is an agronomically significant cereal cultivated worldwide. Wheat breeding is limited by numerous abiotic and biotic stresses. One of the most deleterious factors is biotic stress provoked by the <i>Fusarium</i> <i>culmorum</i> fungus. This pathogen is a causative agent of Fusarium root rot and Fusarium head blight. Beneficial fungi <i>Trichoderma atroviride</i> and <i>T. cremeum</i> are strong antagonists of mycotoxigenic <i>Fusarium</i> spp. These fungi promote plant growth and enhance their tolerance of negative environmental conditions. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the spatial (in above- and underground organs) and temporal (early: 6 and 22 hpi; and late: 5 and 7 dpi reactions) expression profiles of three2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Nov2026-07-09T11:48:28.144Z2025-05-31T23:32:58.709ZS-EPMC86249123483261610.3390/pathogens10111461