biostudies-literature00630Karlstaedt ANHLBI NIH HHSNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute734364https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8631909biostudies-literatureUnknown8Although metabolic remodeling during cardiovascular diseases has been well-recognized for decades, the recent development of analytical platforms and mathematical tools has driven the emergence of assessing cardiac metabolism using tracers. Metabolism is a critical component of cellular functions and adaptation to stress. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease involves metabolic adaptation to maintain cardiac contractile function even in advanced disease stages. Stable-isotope tracer measurements are a powerful tool for measuring flux distributions at the whole organism level and assessing metabolic changes at a systems level <i>in vivo</i>. The goal of this review is to summarize techniques and concepts for <i>in vivo</i> or <i>ex vivo</i> stable isotope labeling in cardiovascular research, to highlight mathematical concepts and their limitations, to describe analytical methods at the tissue and single-cell level, and to discuss opportunities to leverage metabolic models to address important mechanistic questions relevant to all patients with cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicineStable Isotopes for Tracing Cardiac Metabolism in Diseases.PMC8631909R00 HL141702K99 HL141702Karlstaedt A63falseStable Isotopes for Tracing Cardiac Metabolism in Diseases.Although metabolic remodeling during cardiovascular diseases has been well-recognized for decades, the recent development of analytical platforms and mathematical tools has driven the emergence of assessing cardiac metabolism using tracers. Metabolism is a critical component of cellular functions and adaptation to stress. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease involves metabolic adaptation to maintain cardiac contractile function even in advanced disease stages. Stable-isotope tracer measurements are a powerful tool for measuring flux distributions at the whole organism level and assessing metabolic changes at a systems level <i>in vivo</i>. The goal of this review is to summarize techniques and concepts for <i>in vivo</i> or <i>ex vivo</i> stable isotope labeling in cardiovascular research, to highlight mathematical concepts and their limitations, to describe analytical methods at the tissue and single-cell level, and to discuss opportunities to leverage metabolic models to address important mechanistic questions relevant to all patients with cardiovascular disease.2021-01-01T00:00:00Z20212024-12-04T13:04:55.207Z2022-02-11T14:02:06.612ZS-EPMC86319093485906410.3389/fcvm.2021.734364