biostudies-literatureUnknown16(6)DeFroda SF<h4>Background</h4>Improper pitching mechanics are a risk factor for arm injuries. While 3-dimensional (3D) motion analysis remains the gold standard for evaluation, most pitchers and clinicians do not have access to this costly technology. Recent advances in 2-dimensional (2D) video technology provide acceptable resolution for clinical analysis. However, no systematic assessment tools for pitching analysis exist.<h4>Purpose</h4>To determine the reliability of the Assessment of biomeChanical Efficiency System (ACES) screening tool using 2D video analysis to identify common biomechanical errors in adolescent pitchers.<h4>Study design</h4>Cross-sectional.<h4>Methods</h4>Adolescent baseball pitchers underwent analysis using 2D video in indoor settings. Observational mechanics were collected uInternational journal of sports physical therapy1523-1531https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8637241biostudies-literatureReliability of an Observational Biomechanical Analysis Tool in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers.PMC8637241Thigpen CASugimoto DDeFroda SFKriz PKStaffa SJBae DSShanley EfalseReliability of an Observational Biomechanical Analysis Tool in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers.<h4>Background</h4>Improper pitching mechanics are a risk factor for arm injuries. While 3-dimensional (3D) motion analysis remains the gold standard for evaluation, most pitchers and clinicians do not have access to this costly technology. Recent advances in 2-dimensional (2D) video technology provide acceptable resolution for clinical analysis. However, no systematic assessment tools for pitching analysis exist.<h4>Purpose</h4>To determine the reliability of the Assessment of biomeChanical Efficiency System (ACES) screening tool using 2D video analysis to identify common biomechanical errors in adolescent pitchers.<h4>Study design</h4>Cross-sectional.<h4>Methods</h4>Adolescent baseball pitchers underwent analysis using 2D video in indoor settings. Observational mechanics were collected u2021-01-01T00:00:00Z20212026-03-16T05:41:41.49Z2025-08-14T03:06:11.354ZS-EPMC86372413490925710.26603/001c.29869