biostudies-literatureUnknown12Pal LTB-IRIS is an abnormal inflammatory response in a subset of HIV-TB co-infected patients shortly after initiation of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Therapy in these patients could have greatly improved the life expectancy as ART reconstitutes the function and number of CD4+ T cells and many patients see improvement in symptoms but paradoxically up to 54% of co-infected patients develop TB-IRIS. Different studies have indicated that both innate and adaptive immunity are involved in the pathology of IRIS but the role of macrophages in abnormal activation of CD4+ T cells is poorly understood. Since macrophages are one of the major antigen-presenting cells and are infected by M.tb at a high frequency, they are very much likely to be involved in the development of TB-IRIS. In this study, we haveFrontiers in immunology775177https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8662811biostudies-literatureMacrophages Are the Key Players in Promoting Hyper-Inflammatory Response in a Mouse Model of TB-IRIS.PMC8662811Pal LSwami BRoy GKumar PNandani RBhaskar SfalseMacrophages Are the Key Players in Promoting Hyper-Inflammatory Response in a Mouse Model of TB-IRIS.TB-IRIS is an abnormal inflammatory response in a subset of HIV-TB co-infected patients shortly after initiation of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Therapy in these patients could have greatly improved the life expectancy as ART reconstitutes the function and number of CD4+ T cells and many patients see improvement in symptoms but paradoxically up to 54% of co-infected patients develop TB-IRIS. Different studies have indicated that both innate and adaptive immunity are involved in the pathology of IRIS but the role of macrophages in abnormal activation of CD4+ T cells is poorly understood. Since macrophages are one of the major antigen-presenting cells and are infected by M.tb at a high frequency, they are very much likely to be involved in the development of TB-IRIS. In this study, we have2021-01-01T00:00:00Z20212025-05-31T23:31:29.728Z2025-05-31T23:31:29.728ZS-EPMC86628113489973110.3389/fimmu.2021.775177