biostudies-literatureSciortino VMNINDS NIH HHS3187-3199https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8669277biostudies-literatureUnknown41(12)Multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has emerged as a promising new technique for high-resolution quantification of hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in the mouse brain. In this work, we have extended the scope of multi-parametric PAM to longitudinal, cortex-wide, awake-brain imaging with the use of a long-lifetime (24 weeks), wide-field (5 × 7 mm²), light-weight (2 g), dual-transparency (<i>i.e.,</i> light and ultrasound) cranial window. Cerebrovascular responses to the window installation were examined <i>in vivo</i>, showing a complete recovery in 18 days. In the 22-week monitoring after the recovery, no dura thickening, skull regrowth, or changes in cerebrovascular structure and function were observed. The promise of this technique was demonstrated by monitoring Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and MetabolismLongitudinal cortex-wide monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in awake mice using multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy.PMC8669277R01 NS084028R01 NS099261R37 NS110699R01 NS120481R01 NS095064R01 NS108763Sun YYSun NHu SYan PTran ASun TZhong FSciortino VMLee JMZhou YKuan CYCao RfalseLongitudinal cortex-wide monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in awake mice using multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy.Multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has emerged as a promising new technique for high-resolution quantification of hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in the mouse brain. In this work, we have extended the scope of multi-parametric PAM to longitudinal, cortex-wide, awake-brain imaging with the use of a long-lifetime (24 weeks), wide-field (5 × 7 mm²), light-weight (2 g), dual-transparency (<i>i.e.,</i> light and ultrasound) cranial window. Cerebrovascular responses to the window installation were examined <i>in vivo</i>, showing a complete recovery in 18 days. In the 22-week monitoring after the recovery, no dura thickening, skull regrowth, or changes in cerebrovascular structure and function were observed. The promise of this technique was demonstrated by monitoring 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Dec2025-04-18T13:15:43.575Z2025-04-06T22:49:18.85ZS-EPMC86692773430462210.1177/0271678X21103409610.1177/0271678x211034096