biostudies-literatureWashburn JDU.S. Department of AgricultureUniversity of MissouriNational Science Foundatione373https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8711749biostudies-literatureUnknown5(12)In C₄ plants, the enzymatic machinery underpinning photosynthesis can vary, with, for example, three distinct C₄ acid decarboxylases being used to release CO₂ in the vicinity of RuBisCO. For decades, these decarboxylases have been used to classify C₄ species into three biochemical sub-types. However, more recently, the notion that C₄ species mix and match C₄ acid decarboxylases has increased in popularity, and as a consequence, the validity of specific biochemical sub-types has been questioned. Using five species from the grass tribe Paniceae, we show that, although in some species transcripts and enzymes involved in multiple C₄ acid decarboxylases accumulate, in others, transcript abundance and enzyme activity isPlant directDistinct C₄ sub-types and C₃ bundle sheath isolation in the Paniceae grasses.PMC8711749171097315014061710618Hibberd JMBrose JMCovshoff SConant GCStrable JPires JCWashburn JDKothapalli SSDickinson PfalseDistinct C₄ sub-types and C₃ bundle sheath isolation in the Paniceae grasses.In C₄ plants, the enzymatic machinery underpinning photosynthesis can vary, with, for example, three distinct C₄ acid decarboxylases being used to release CO₂ in the vicinity of RuBisCO. For decades, these decarboxylases have been used to classify C₄ species into three biochemical sub-types. However, more recently, the notion that C₄ species mix and match C₄ acid decarboxylases has increased in popularity, and as a consequence, the validity of specific biochemical sub-types has been questioned. Using five species from the grass tribe Paniceae, we show that, although in some species transcripts and enzymes involved in multiple C₄ acid decarboxylases accumulate, in others, transcript abundance and enzyme activity is2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Dec2026-07-16T16:59:00.435Z2025-05-31T22:38:00.656ZS-EPMC87117493498835510.1002/pld3.373