biostudies-literatureCheng MNIDCD NIH HHS1457-1470https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8742275biostudies-literatureUnknown32(23-24)Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is classified as a nonenveloped DNA virus. However, several years ago, we discovered that in media of packaging cells producing recombinant AAV vectors, AAV capsids can associate with the interior and surface of extracellular vesicles (EVs), sometimes referred to as exosomes. Since then, we and others have demonstrated that exosome-enveloped AAV, exo-AAV, can enhance transduction <i>in vivo</i> as well as evade neutralizing antibodies. While promising, these data were generated with differential centrifugation to pellet the exo-AAV. This method results in a heterogeneous mixture of exo-AAV, coprecipitating proteins, as well as free AAV capsids. To define the properties of exo-AAV more accurately, in this study, we used a density gradient method to purify exo-AAHuman gene therapyNeutralizing Antibody Evasion and Transduction with Purified Extracellular Vesicle-Enveloped Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors.PMC8742275R01 DC017117Nammour JDietz LNg CEichler FCheng MMaguire CAGong YGrimm DfalseNeutralizing Antibody Evasion and Transduction with Purified Extracellular Vesicle-Enveloped Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors.Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is classified as a nonenveloped DNA virus. However, several years ago, we discovered that in media of packaging cells producing recombinant AAV vectors, AAV capsids can associate with the interior and surface of extracellular vesicles (EVs), sometimes referred to as exosomes. Since then, we and others have demonstrated that exosome-enveloped AAV, exo-AAV, can enhance transduction <i>in vivo</i> as well as evade neutralizing antibodies. While promising, these data were generated with differential centrifugation to pellet the exo-AAV. This method results in a heterogeneous mixture of exo-AAV, coprecipitating proteins, as well as free AAV capsids. To define the properties of exo-AAV more accurately, in this study, we used a density gradient method to purify exo-AA2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Dec2025-04-03T21:30:18.036Z2025-04-03T21:30:18.036ZS-EPMC87422753444589410.1089/hum.2021.122