biostudies-literatureUnknown10(12)Zheng KF<h4>Background</h4>Primary tracheobronchial neoplasm is rare yet poses a serious threat to life. Due to its low incidence, the immune microenvironment of such tumors remained unclear. This study aimed to clarify the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and infiltration of immune cells in primary tracheobronchial neoplasm, which might be useful for guiding treatment and evaluating clinical outcome.<h4>Methods</h4>We assessed retrospectively the expression of PD-L1 and infiltration in cells expressing CD8, CD16, CD68, CD163 and FOXP3 in 21 patients with primary tracheobronchial neoplasm who underwent surgery in Tangdu Hospital from January 2016 to July 2021. The expression of PD-L1 was assessed based on the tumor proportion score system. The density of immune cells was analyzed byTranslational lung cancer research4617-4630https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8743529biostudies-literaturePD-L1 expression and immune cells infiltration in primary tracheobronchial neoplasm.PMC8743529Xiong YLIchiki YZheng KFMa NZhang QTachihara MLi XFZhao JBHofman PMetro GLiu YJTang XYLuo ZLGong LTian HHfalsePD-L1 expression and immune cells infiltration in primary tracheobronchial neoplasm.<h4>Background</h4>Primary tracheobronchial neoplasm is rare yet poses a serious threat to life. Due to its low incidence, the immune microenvironment of such tumors remained unclear. This study aimed to clarify the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and infiltration of immune cells in primary tracheobronchial neoplasm, which might be useful for guiding treatment and evaluating clinical outcome.<h4>Methods</h4>We assessed retrospectively the expression of PD-L1 and infiltration in cells expressing CD8, CD16, CD68, CD163 and FOXP3 in 21 patients with primary tracheobronchial neoplasm who underwent surgery in Tangdu Hospital from January 2016 to July 2021. The expression of PD-L1 was assessed based on the tumor proportion score system. The density of immune cells was analyzed by2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Dec2025-04-05T14:36:05.169Z2025-04-05T14:36:05.169ZS-EPMC87435293507076510.21037/tlcr-21-958