biostudies-literatureUnknown12Gruet CWheat, one of the major crops in the world, has had a complex history that includes genomic hybridizations between <i>Triticum</i> and <i>Aegilops</i> species and several domestication events, which resulted in various wild and domesticated species (especially <i>Triticum aestivum</i> and <i>Triticum durum</i>), many of them still existing today. The large body of information available on wheat-microbe interactions, however, was mostly obtained without considering the importance of wheat evolutionary history and its consequences for wheat microbial ecology. This review addresses our current understanding of the microbiome of wheat root and rhizosphere in light of the information available on pre- and post-domestication wheat history, including differences between wild and domesticated wheaFrontiers in microbiology782135https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8764353biostudies-literatureSignificance of the Diversification of Wheat Species for the Assembly and Functioning of the Root-Associated Microbiome.PMC8764353Moenne-Loccoz YMuller DGruet CfalseSignificance of the Diversification of Wheat Species for the Assembly and Functioning of the Root-Associated Microbiome.Wheat, one of the major crops in the world, has had a complex history that includes genomic hybridizations between <i>Triticum</i> and <i>Aegilops</i> species and several domestication events, which resulted in various wild and domesticated species (especially <i>Triticum aestivum</i> and <i>Triticum durum</i>), many of them still existing today. The large body of information available on wheat-microbe interactions, however, was mostly obtained without considering the importance of wheat evolutionary history and its consequences for wheat microbial ecology. This review addresses our current understanding of the microbiome of wheat root and rhizosphere in light of the information available on pre- and post-domestication wheat history, including differences between wild and domesticated whea2021-01-01T00:00:00Z20212026-07-14T13:17:45.608Z2022-02-11T15:33:32.079ZS-EPMC87643533505890110.3389/fmicb.2021.782135