biostudies-literatureUnknown10(1)Wu Z<h4>Background</h4>Hormones are identified as key biological variables in tumor immunity. However, previous researches mainly focused on the immune effect of steroid hormones, while the roles that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) played in the antitumor response were far from clear.<h4>Methods</h4>The source of TSH was determined using single-cell transcriptomic, histologic, quantitative PCR, and ELISA analysis. The influence of TSH on tumor proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion was evaluated in multiple cell lines of thyroid cancer, glioma, and breast cancer. Then transcriptomic sequencing and cellular experiments were used to identify signaling pathways. TSH receptor (TSHR) inhibitor was injected into homograft mouse tumor models with or without anti-programmed cell death protein-Journal for immunotherapy of cancere004049https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8804696biostudies-literatureTSH-TSHR axis promotes tumor immune evasion.PMC8804696Feng NWu ZXi ZLi JHuang TWang SXiao YZheng RZhang NHu LZhao XfalseTSH-TSHR axis promotes tumor immune evasion.<h4>Background</h4>Hormones are identified as key biological variables in tumor immunity. However, previous researches mainly focused on the immune effect of steroid hormones, while the roles that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) played in the antitumor response were far from clear.<h4>Methods</h4>The source of TSH was determined using single-cell transcriptomic, histologic, quantitative PCR, and ELISA analysis. The influence of TSH on tumor proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion was evaluated in multiple cell lines of thyroid cancer, glioma, and breast cancer. Then transcriptomic sequencing and cellular experiments were used to identify signaling pathways. TSH receptor (TSHR) inhibitor was injected into homograft mouse tumor models with or without anti-programmed cell death protein-2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Jan2026-06-07T07:30:55.743Z2025-04-19T10:48:55.094ZS-EPMC88046963510194610.1136/jitc-2021-004049