biostudies-literatureTomas-Ojer PEuropean Research Council790884https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8852676biostudies-literatureUnknown13Antigen-induced T-cell exhaustion and T-cell senescence are peripheral regulatory mechanisms that control effector T-cell responses. Markers of exhaustion and senescence on T Cells indicate the previous activation by repetitive stimulation with specific antigens. Malignant tumors are accompanied by enhanced T-cell exhaustion and T-cell senescence resulting in immune evasion, while these control mechanisms might be diminished in autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). To better understand the involvement of antigen-induced T-cell senescence in controlling CD4+ T-cell-mediated autoimmune responses in MS, we have analyzed the re-expression of CD45RA and the downregulation of CD28 and CD27 molecules as markers of antigen-induced T-cell senescence in fresh cerebrospinal fluid (CSFrontiers in neurologyCharacterization of Antigen-Induced CD4+ T-Cell Senescence in Multiple Sclerosis.PMC8852676340733Docampo MJCruciani CSospedra MPuthenparampil MTomas-Ojer PMartin RfalseCharacterization of Antigen-Induced CD4+ T-Cell Senescence in Multiple Sclerosis.Antigen-induced T-cell exhaustion and T-cell senescence are peripheral regulatory mechanisms that control effector T-cell responses. Markers of exhaustion and senescence on T Cells indicate the previous activation by repetitive stimulation with specific antigens. Malignant tumors are accompanied by enhanced T-cell exhaustion and T-cell senescence resulting in immune evasion, while these control mechanisms might be diminished in autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). To better understand the involvement of antigen-induced T-cell senescence in controlling CD4+ T-cell-mediated autoimmune responses in MS, we have analyzed the re-expression of CD45RA and the downregulation of CD28 and CD27 molecules as markers of antigen-induced T-cell senescence in fresh cerebrospinal fluid (CS2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222025-04-04T20:50:23.652Z2025-04-04T20:50:23.652ZS-EPMC88526763518576210.3389/fneur.2022.790884