biostudies-literatureFuller ASickKids Research InstituteSt. Michael&apos;s Hospital FoundationInstitute of Human Development, Child and Youth HealthCIHRSickKids Foundatione056991https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8852748biostudies-literatureUnknown12(2)<h4>Objectives</h4>Children from low-income households are at an increased risk of social, behavioural and physical health problems. Prior studies have generally relied on dichotomous outcome measures. However, inequities may exist along the range of outcome distribution. Our objective was to examine differences in distribution of three child health outcomes by income categories (high vs low): body mass index (BMI), behaviour difficulties and development.<h4>Design and setting</h4>This was a cross-sectional study using data from a primary care-based research network with sites in three Canadian cities, and 15 practices enrolling participants.<h4>Participants, independent variable and outcomes</h4>The independent variable was annual household income, dichotomised at the median income for ToBMJ openUnderstanding income-related differences in distribution of child growth, behaviour and development using a cross-sectional sample of a clinical cohort study.PMC8852748PJT-168931N/APersaud NMalick AYoung EBoodhoo BSalter MRodrigues MPorepa MWeir-Seeley SOwen JJansz GYing ELakhanpal GKowal CChan OSgro MGuiang CRaso PKnowles HHall JHanson LRaza DSzatmari PShepherd SDo AYaremko JAnderson LNVaughan JNash KLebovic GKwok BMalach JBustos MReid-Westoby CEliseMok RMJanetSaunderson VSKim FQi VOfford AMason DConstantin EBouchard VGazeley SOgwuru MLaupacis ACarsley SDalwadi DBhagat DNader MCalpin CFreeman SLi ADerocher MBLakhoo STurner SEgger AKandel RAbdurrahman MJagiello LZajdman MCheng EWong PSmiltnieks BMitchell MKadar PVandenberghe HArbess GAllen CTARGet Kids! CollaborativePeer MWijayasinghe SCinnthaSrikanthan CTSiddiqi ABaker JJaleel MBirken CCost KShuja HVanderhout SDoukas KVanderloo LFuller ABonifacio JThompson JShahidi FVLeahHarrington SJOmand JLam-Antoniades MCamacho CThorpe KJanus MTreherne SLeung FHBazeghi FRuderman CKarenPope ASKeown-Stoneman CLi PKoroshegyi CFreedman AFarber APinto AMascoll VWeisdorf TBirken CSCheema SKiran TMeret AMalhi TDanayan KBarozzino TDas PHandford CHeuvel MVDNaymark SParkin PCMaguire JLPerlmutar MBowry AHildebrand VRajendran RBorkhoff CMFlores PRHa DRouleau KBloch GOng FThadani SDai DWHCohn RUddin FRosenthal ADuku EAglipay MAnderson KMale RKeown-Stoneman CDGBayoumi IKinlin LCampbell DPena KLeduc DThompson LLau ENasreenRamji NREny KJuni PBergeron SChisamore BfalseUnderstanding income-related differences in distribution of child growth, behaviour and development using a cross-sectional sample of a clinical cohort study.<h4>Objectives</h4>Children from low-income households are at an increased risk of social, behavioural and physical health problems. Prior studies have generally relied on dichotomous outcome measures. However, inequities may exist along the range of outcome distribution. Our objective was to examine differences in distribution of three child health outcomes by income categories (high vs low): body mass index (BMI), behaviour difficulties and development.<h4>Design and setting</h4>This was a cross-sectional study using data from a primary care-based research network with sites in three Canadian cities, and 15 practices enrolling participants.<h4>Participants, independent variable and outcomes</h4>The independent variable was annual household income, dichotomised at the median income for To2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Feb2026-03-27T16:42:10.929Z2025-04-04T20:50:57.866ZS-EPMC88527483516898210.1136/bmjopen-2021-056991