biostudies-literatureMazzeo ASpanish Government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditationMarine InstituteMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesScience Foundation IrelandEuropean Regional Development Fund1471https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8878465biostudies-literatureUnknown22(4)In order to develop a gripping system or control strategy that improves scientific sampling procedures, knowledge of the process and the consequent definition of requirements is fundamental. Nevertheless, factors influencing sampling procedures have not been extensively described, and selected strategies mostly depend on pilots' and researchers' experience. We interviewed 17 researchers and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) technical operators, through a formal questionnaire or in-person interviews, to collect evidence of sampling procedures based on their direct field experience. We methodologically analyzed sampling procedures to extract single basic actions (called atomic manipulations). Available equipment, environment and species-specific features strongly influenced the manipulative chSensors (Basel, Switzerland)Marine Robotics for Deep-Sea Specimen Collection: A Taxonomy of Underwater Manipulative Actions.PMC8878465TEC2017-87861-RSFI/15/IA/3100CEX2019-000928-S2014-2020Aguzzi JStefanni SMazzeo AControzzi MVecchi FCalisti MAllcock ALAngiolillo MCanese SfalseMarine Robotics for Deep-Sea Specimen Collection: A Taxonomy of Underwater Manipulative Actions.In order to develop a gripping system or control strategy that improves scientific sampling procedures, knowledge of the process and the consequent definition of requirements is fundamental. Nevertheless, factors influencing sampling procedures have not been extensively described, and selected strategies mostly depend on pilots' and researchers' experience. We interviewed 17 researchers and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) technical operators, through a formal questionnaire or in-person interviews, to collect evidence of sampling procedures based on their direct field experience. We methodologically analyzed sampling procedures to extract single basic actions (called atomic manipulations). Available equipment, environment and species-specific features strongly influenced the manipulative ch2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Feb2025-04-22T19:11:15.369Z2025-04-06T02:38:32.141ZS-EPMC88784653521437810.3390/s22041471