biostudies-literatureUnknownSparks RViral infections can have profound and durable functional impacts on the immune system. There is an urgent need to characterize the long-term immune effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection given the persistence of symptoms in some individuals and the continued threat of novel variants. Here we use systems immunology, including longitudinal multimodal single cell analysis (surface proteins, transcriptome, and V(D)J sequences) from 33 previously healthy individuals after recovery from mild, non-hospitalized COVID-19 and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls with no history of COVID-19 to comparatively assess the post-infection immune status (mean: 151 days after diagnosis) and subsequent innate and adaptive responses to seasonal influenza vaccination. Identification of both sex-specific and -indemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2022.02.17.22271138https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8887138biostudies-literatureInfluenza vaccination and single cell multiomics reveal sex dimorphic immune imprints of prior mild COVID-19.PMC8887138Leimenstoll SAndrews SFHan KLMukherjee AApps RTang JKing LRGolding HKoroleva GSun GMartins AJGrubbs GChen JBloch EMFailla LESnow LManischewitz JSellers BASparks RMcDermott ABOP11 Clinical StaffVrindten KLLiu CLau WWBansal NTsang JSCox MKhurana SfalseInfluenza vaccination and single cell multiomics reveal sex dimorphic immune imprints of prior mild COVID-19.Viral infections can have profound and durable functional impacts on the immune system. There is an urgent need to characterize the long-term immune effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection given the persistence of symptoms in some individuals and the continued threat of novel variants. Here we use systems immunology, including longitudinal multimodal single cell analysis (surface proteins, transcriptome, and V(D)J sequences) from 33 previously healthy individuals after recovery from mild, non-hospitalized COVID-19 and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls with no history of COVID-19 to comparatively assess the post-infection immune status (mean: 151 days after diagnosis) and subsequent innate and adaptive responses to seasonal influenza vaccination. Identification of both sex-specific and -inde2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Sep2026-04-08T18:22:19.26Z2024-10-16T15:06:59.984ZS-EPMC88871383523358110.1101/2022.02.17.22271138