biostudies-literatureUnknown181(3)Hagedoorn NNHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeAn impaired immune response could play a role in the acquisition of secondary infections in critically ill children. Human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes (mHLA-DR) has been proposed as marker to detect immunosuppression, but its potential to predict secondary infections in critically ill children is unclear. We aimed to assess the association between mHLA-DR expression at several timepoints and the change of mHLA-DR expression over time with the acquisition of secondary infections in critically ill children. In this prospective observational study, children < 18 years with fever and/or suspected infection (community-acquired or hospital-acquired) were included at a paediatric intensive care unit in the Netherlands. mHLA-DR expression was determined by flow cytometry on day 1,European journal of pediatrics1133-1142https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8897323biostudies-literatureAssociation of monocyte HLA-DR expression over time with secondary infection in critically ill children: a prospective observational study.PMC8897323Hagedoorn NNVerbruggen SVermont CDik WADriessen GKolukirik PNieboer DNagtzaam NMAJoosten KFMoll HfalseAssociation of monocyte HLA-DR expression over time with secondary infection in critically ill children: a prospective observational study.An impaired immune response could play a role in the acquisition of secondary infections in critically ill children. Human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes (mHLA-DR) has been proposed as marker to detect immunosuppression, but its potential to predict secondary infections in critically ill children is unclear. We aimed to assess the association between mHLA-DR expression at several timepoints and the change of mHLA-DR expression over time with the acquisition of secondary infections in critically ill children. In this prospective observational study, children < 18 years with fever and/or suspected infection (community-acquired or hospital-acquired) were included at a paediatric intensive care unit in the Netherlands. mHLA-DR expression was determined by flow cytometry on day 1,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Mar2025-04-22T03:56:01.704Z2025-04-05T20:49:11.429ZS-EPMC88973233475520710.1007/s00431-021-04313-7