{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["10"],"submitter":["Chen Q"],"funding":["National Key Research and Development Program of China"],"pubmed_abstract":["<i>Chromochloris zofingiensis</i> has obtained particular interest as a promising candidate for natural astaxanthin production. In this study, we established a two-stage heterotrophic cultivation process, by using which both the growth of <i>C</i>. <i>zofingiensis</i> and astaxanthin accumulation are substantially enhanced. Specifically, the ultrahigh biomass concentration of 221.3 g L<sup>-1</sup> was achieved under the optimum culture conditions in 7.5 L fermenter during 12 days. When scaled-up in the 500 L fermentor, the biomass yield reached 182.3 g L<sup>-1</sup> in 9 days, while the astaxanthin content was 0.068% of DW. To further promote astaxanthin accumulation, gibberellic Acid-3 (GA3) was screened from a variety of phytohormones and was combined with increased C/N ratio and NaCl concentration for induction. When <i>C. zofingiensis</i> was grown with the two-stage cultivation strategy, the astaxanthin yield reached 0.318 g L<sup>-1</sup>, of which the biomass yield was 235.4 g L<sup>-1</sup> and astaxanthin content was 0.144% of DW. The content of the total fatty acids increased from 23 to 42% of DW simultaneously. Such an astaxanthin yield was 5.4-fold higher than the reported highest record and surpassed the level of <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i>. This study demonstrated that heterotrophic cultivation of <i>C. zofingiensis</i> is competitive for industrial astaxanthin production."],"journal":["Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology"],"pagination":["834230"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8907917"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["Effective Two-Stage Heterotrophic Cultivation of the Unicellular Green Microalga <i>Chromochloris zofingiensis</i> Enabled Ultrahigh Biomass and Astaxanthin Production."],"pmcid":["PMC8907917"],"pubmed_authors":["Chen Q","Jin H","Xu Q","Chen Y","Hu Q","Han D"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Effective Two-Stage Heterotrophic Cultivation of the Unicellular Green Microalga <i>Chromochloris zofingiensis</i> Enabled Ultrahigh Biomass and Astaxanthin Production.","description":"<i>Chromochloris zofingiensis</i> has obtained particular interest as a promising candidate for natural astaxanthin production. In this study, we established a two-stage heterotrophic cultivation process, by using which both the growth of <i>C</i>. <i>zofingiensis</i> and astaxanthin accumulation are substantially enhanced. Specifically, the ultrahigh biomass concentration of 221.3 g L<sup>-1</sup> was achieved under the optimum culture conditions in 7.5 L fermenter during 12 days. When scaled-up in the 500 L fermentor, the biomass yield reached 182.3 g L<sup>-1</sup> in 9 days, while the astaxanthin content was 0.068% of DW. To further promote astaxanthin accumulation, gibberellic Acid-3 (GA3) was screened from a variety of phytohormones and was combined with increased C/N ratio and NaCl concentration for induction. When <i>C. zofingiensis</i> was grown with the two-stage cultivation strategy, the astaxanthin yield reached 0.318 g L<sup>-1</sup>, of which the biomass yield was 235.4 g L<sup>-1</sup> and astaxanthin content was 0.144% of DW. The content of the total fatty acids increased from 23 to 42% of DW simultaneously. Such an astaxanthin yield was 5.4-fold higher than the reported highest record and surpassed the level of <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i>. This study demonstrated that heterotrophic cultivation of <i>C. zofingiensis</i> is competitive for industrial astaxanthin production.","dates":{"release":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2022","modification":"2025-04-04T12:56:30.583Z","creation":"2025-04-04T12:56:30.583Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC8907917","cross_references":{"pubmed":["35284408"],"doi":["10.3389/fbioe.2022.834230"]}}