biostudies-literatureUnknown29(3)Almathen FDromedary camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) are widespread in the desert and semi-desert areas of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, some parts of southwest Asia and Australia. In the Arabian Peninsula, these well-adapted species have been classified based on their ecology into Desert camels, found mainly in the north and center of the Peninsula, Mountain camels, distributed along the west and south of the Peninsula, and Beach camels, populating the west to southwest of the Peninsula. Here, we aimed to investigate the genetic relationship between 386 camels corresponding to 12 dromedary populations from different geographical locations and ecology in the Arabian Peninsula with the genotyping of 17 microsatellite loci. No significant deviation was observed in heterozygosity, allelic richness,Saudi journal of biological sciences1422-1427https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8913388biostudies-literatureGenetic structure of Arabian Peninsula dromedary camels revealed three geographic groups.PMC8913388Alfattah MElbir HSheikh AHanotte OBahbahani HAlmathen FfalseGenetic structure of Arabian Peninsula dromedary camels revealed three geographic groups.Dromedary camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) are widespread in the desert and semi-desert areas of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, some parts of southwest Asia and Australia. In the Arabian Peninsula, these well-adapted species have been classified based on their ecology into Desert camels, found mainly in the north and center of the Peninsula, Mountain camels, distributed along the west and south of the Peninsula, and Beach camels, populating the west to southwest of the Peninsula. Here, we aimed to investigate the genetic relationship between 386 camels corresponding to 12 dromedary populations from different geographical locations and ecology in the Arabian Peninsula with the genotyping of 17 microsatellite loci. No significant deviation was observed in heterozygosity, allelic richness,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Mar2025-04-04T20:50:33.381Z2025-04-04T20:50:33.381ZS-EPMC89133883528055510.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.032