biostudies-literatureHierl KVBundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologiee0265324https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8916626biostudies-literatureUnknown17(3)<h4>Purpose</h4>This study aimed at evaluating the orbital anatomy of patients concerning the relevance of orbital anatomy in the etiology of EO (endocrine orbitopathy) and exophthalmos utilizing a novel approach regarding three-dimensional measurements. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism in orbital anatomy was analyzed.<h4>Methods</h4>Orbital anatomy of 123 Caucasian patients (52 with EO, 71 without EO) was examined using computed tomographic data and FAT software for 3-D cephalometry. Using 56 anatomical landmarks, 20 angles and 155 distances were measured. MEDAS software was used for performing connected and unconnected t-tests and Spearman´s rank correlation test to evaluate interrelations and differences.<h4>Results</h4>Orbital anatomy was highly symmetrical with a mean side difference ofPloS one3-D cephalometry of the the orbit regarding endocrine orbitopathy, exophthalmos, and sex.PMC8916626ZIM KF2036708SS0Krause MHierl KVSterker IKruber Dfalse3-D cephalometry of the the orbit regarding endocrine orbitopathy, exophthalmos, and sex.<h4>Purpose</h4>This study aimed at evaluating the orbital anatomy of patients concerning the relevance of orbital anatomy in the etiology of EO (endocrine orbitopathy) and exophthalmos utilizing a novel approach regarding three-dimensional measurements. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism in orbital anatomy was analyzed.<h4>Methods</h4>Orbital anatomy of 123 Caucasian patients (52 with EO, 71 without EO) was examined using computed tomographic data and FAT software for 3-D cephalometry. Using 56 anatomical landmarks, 20 angles and 155 distances were measured. MEDAS software was used for performing connected and unconnected t-tests and Spearman´s rank correlation test to evaluate interrelations and differences.<h4>Results</h4>Orbital anatomy was highly symmetrical with a mean side difference of2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222025-04-26T04:38:02.894Z2025-04-26T04:38:02.894ZS-EPMC89166263527598010.1371/journal.pone.0265324