biostudies-literatureZhao YNatural Science Foundation of Liaoning ProvinceNational Natural Science Foundation of China811059https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8923644biostudies-literatureUnknown14Parkinson's disease (PD) is widely considered to be a disabling neurodegenerative disorder, which has been ranked second worldwide just after Alzheimer's disease. Until present, a wide range of studies has focused on the role of circulating inflammatory cytokines in the development of PD. However, the causal relationship between circulating inflammatory cytokines and the risk and age at the onset of PD has not been elucidated. Hence, to evaluate the effects of circulating inflammatory cytokines on the risk or age at the onset of PD more accurately, we conducted this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study involving summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Totally, we included a GWAS for inflammatory cytokines (8,293 participants), a meta-analysis of GWASs for Frontiers in aging neuroscienceGenetically Predicted Levels of Circulating Inflammatory Cytokines and the Risk and Age at Onset of Parkinson's Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.PMC89236442019-MS-365814009508180105381872044Guo NLiu XZhang JZhang XTian DZhang CHan CZhu RZhao YMu CfalseGenetically Predicted Levels of Circulating Inflammatory Cytokines and the Risk and Age at Onset of Parkinson's Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Parkinson's disease (PD) is widely considered to be a disabling neurodegenerative disorder, which has been ranked second worldwide just after Alzheimer's disease. Until present, a wide range of studies has focused on the role of circulating inflammatory cytokines in the development of PD. However, the causal relationship between circulating inflammatory cytokines and the risk and age at the onset of PD has not been elucidated. Hence, to evaluate the effects of circulating inflammatory cytokines on the risk or age at the onset of PD more accurately, we conducted this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study involving summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Totally, we included a GWAS for inflammatory cytokines (8,293 participants), a meta-analysis of GWASs for 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222025-04-04T23:34:30.701Z2025-04-04T23:34:30.701ZS-EPMC89236443529994410.3389/fnagi.2022.811059