biostudies-literatureUnknown7(2)Tscha MKConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFundação Oswaldo CruzGenomic and epidemiological surveillance are paramount for the discovery of new viruses with the potential to cross species barriers. Here, we present a new member of the genus Alphavirus found in Trichoprosopon and Wyeomia mosquitoes, tentatively named Pirahy virus (PIRAV). PIRAV was isolated from mosquito pools collected in a rural area of Piraí do Sul, South Brazil. In vitro assays revealed that PIRAV replicates and causes cytopathic effects in vertebrate cell lines such as Vero E6, SH-SY5Y, BHK-21 and UMNSAH/DF-1. Genomic signature analysis supports these results showing a dinucleotide and codon usage balance compatible with several hosts. Phylogenetic analyses placed PIRAV basal to the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex. Genome analyses, electron microsVirus evolutionveab105https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8928568biostudies-literaturePirahy virus: Identification of a new and potential emerging arbovirus in South Brazil.PMC8928568da Silva AMSoares Medeiros LCMattoso Coelho GTscha MKSuzukawa AADuarte Dos Santos CNFerreira ACZanluca CRodrigues-Luiz GFMansur DCataneo AHDfalsePirahy virus: Identification of a new and potential emerging arbovirus in South Brazil.Genomic and epidemiological surveillance are paramount for the discovery of new viruses with the potential to cross species barriers. Here, we present a new member of the genus Alphavirus found in Trichoprosopon and Wyeomia mosquitoes, tentatively named Pirahy virus (PIRAV). PIRAV was isolated from mosquito pools collected in a rural area of Piraí do Sul, South Brazil. In vitro assays revealed that PIRAV replicates and causes cytopathic effects in vertebrate cell lines such as Vero E6, SH-SY5Y, BHK-21 and UMNSAH/DF-1. Genomic signature analysis supports these results showing a dinucleotide and codon usage balance compatible with several hosts. Phylogenetic analyses placed PIRAV basal to the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex. Genome analyses, electron micros2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Sep2026-04-08T17:24:40.774Z2024-11-13T00:59:00.764ZS-EPMC89285683531029410.1093/ve/veab105