biostudies-literatureMassol SEuropean Research Councile0265442https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8936455biostudies-literatureUnknown17(3)In two same-different matching experiments we investigated whether transposed-character effects can be modulated by the horizontal displacement or inter-character spacing of target stimuli (strings of 6 consonants, digits, or symbols). Reference and target stimuli could be identical or differed either by transposing or substituting two characters. Transposition costs (greater difficulty in detecting a difference with transpositions compared with substitutions) were greater for letter stimuli compared to both digit and symbol stimuli in both experiments. In Experiment 1, half of the targets were displayed at the center of the screen and the other half were shifted by two character-positions to the left or to the right, whereas the reference was always presented at the center of the screen. PloS oneEffects of horizontal displacement and inter-character spacing on transposed-character effects in same-different matching.PMC8936455742141Massol SGrainger JfalseEffects of horizontal displacement and inter-character spacing on transposed-character effects in same-different matching.In two same-different matching experiments we investigated whether transposed-character effects can be modulated by the horizontal displacement or inter-character spacing of target stimuli (strings of 6 consonants, digits, or symbols). Reference and target stimuli could be identical or differed either by transposing or substituting two characters. Transposition costs (greater difficulty in detecting a difference with transpositions compared with substitutions) were greater for letter stimuli compared to both digit and symbol stimuli in both experiments. In Experiment 1, half of the targets were displayed at the center of the screen and the other half were shifted by two character-positions to the left or to the right, whereas the reference was always presented at the center of the screen. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222025-04-25T23:02:36.083Z2025-04-06T09:14:04.762ZS-EPMC89364553531270510.1371/journal.pone.0265442