biostudies-literatureUnknown13Petersen L<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) in humans causes pseudomembranous colitis (PMC), which is a severe pathology characterized by a loss of epithelial barrier function and massive colonic inflammation. PMC has been attributed to the action of two large protein toxins, Toxin A (TcdA) and Toxin B (TcdB). TcdA and TcdB mono-O-glucosylate and thereby inactivate a broad spectrum of Rho GTPases and (in the case of TcdA) also some Ras GTPases. Rho/Ras GTPases promote G1-S transition through the activation of components of the ERK, AKT, and WNT signaling pathways. With regard to CDI pathology, TcdB is regarded of being capable of inhibiting colonic stem cell proliferation and colonic regeneration, which is likely causative for PMC. In particular, it is still unclear, the glucosylation Frontiers in microbiology846215https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8937036biostudies-literatureThe Essential Role of Rac1 Glucosylation in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Toxin B-Induced Arrest of G1-S Transition.PMC8937036Fahrer JPetersen LSchottelndreier DGrassl GAGenth HBrakebusch CRottner KStroh SfalseThe Essential Role of Rac1 Glucosylation in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Toxin B-Induced Arrest of G1-S Transition.<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) in humans causes pseudomembranous colitis (PMC), which is a severe pathology characterized by a loss of epithelial barrier function and massive colonic inflammation. PMC has been attributed to the action of two large protein toxins, Toxin A (TcdA) and Toxin B (TcdB). TcdA and TcdB mono-O-glucosylate and thereby inactivate a broad spectrum of Rho GTPases and (in the case of TcdA) also some Ras GTPases. Rho/Ras GTPases promote G1-S transition through the activation of components of the ERK, AKT, and WNT signaling pathways. With regard to CDI pathology, TcdB is regarded of being capable of inhibiting colonic stem cell proliferation and colonic regeneration, which is likely causative for PMC. In particular, it is still unclear, the glucosylation 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222025-04-29T11:00:38.507Z2025-04-06T19:47:16.011ZS-EPMC89370363532107810.3389/fmicb.2022.846215