biostudies-literatureZhong HNIDDK NIH HHSNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases5https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8941742biostudies-literatureUnknown8(1)<h4>Background</h4>Overactive bladder (OAB) affects 12 to 30% of the world's population. The accompanying urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence can have a profound effect on quality of life, leading to depression, social isolation, avoidance of sexual activity and loss of productivity. Conservative measures such as lifestyle modification and pelvic floor physical therapy are the first line of treatment for overactive bladder. Patients who fail these may go on to take medications, undergo neuromodulation or receive injection of botulinum toxin into the bladder wall. While effective, medications have side effects and suffer from poor adherence. Neuromodulation and botulinum toxin injection are also effective but are invasive and not acceptable to some patients.<h4>Methods</h4>We have dBioelectronic medicineNoninvasive spinal neuromodulation mitigates symptoms of idiopathic overactive bladder.PMC8941742R44 DK129164R44DK129164Edgerton VRKreydin EKohli PZhong HPerez LGad PLiu EGinsberg DfalseNoninvasive spinal neuromodulation mitigates symptoms of idiopathic overactive bladder.<h4>Background</h4>Overactive bladder (OAB) affects 12 to 30% of the world's population. The accompanying urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence can have a profound effect on quality of life, leading to depression, social isolation, avoidance of sexual activity and loss of productivity. Conservative measures such as lifestyle modification and pelvic floor physical therapy are the first line of treatment for overactive bladder. Patients who fail these may go on to take medications, undergo neuromodulation or receive injection of botulinum toxin into the bladder wall. While effective, medications have side effects and suffer from poor adherence. Neuromodulation and botulinum toxin injection are also effective but are invasive and not acceptable to some patients.<h4>Methods</h4>We have d2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Mar2025-04-04T22:12:41.508Z2025-04-04T22:12:41.508ZS-EPMC89417423531785110.1186/s42234-022-00087-x