{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["8(12)"],"submitter":["Hu J"],"pubmed_abstract":["Cells probe their microenvironment using membrane protrusion-retraction cycles. Spatiotemporal coordination of Rac1 and RhoA GTP-binding activities initiates and reinforces protrusions and retractions, but the control of their finite lifetime remains unclear. We examined the relations of Rac1 and RhoA GTP-binding levels to key protrusion and retraction events, as well as to cell-ECM traction forces at physiologically relevant ECM stiffness. High RhoA-GTP preceded retractions and Rac1-GTP elevation before protrusions. Notable temporal Rac1-GTP nadirs and peaks occurred at the maximal edge velocity of local membrane protrusions and retractions, respectively, followed by declined edge velocity. Moreover, altered local Rac1-GTP consistently preceded similarly altered traction force. Local optogenetic Rac1-GTP perturbations defined a function of Rac1 in restricting protrusions and retractions and in promoting local traction force. Together, we show that Rac1 plays a fundamental role in restricting the size and durability of protrusions and retractions, plausibly in part through controlling traction forces."],"journal":["Science advances"],"pagination":["eabl3667"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8942371"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["Local temporal Rac1-GTP nadirs and peaks restrict cell protrusions and retractions."],"pmcid":["PMC8942371"],"pubmed_authors":["Hu J","Stromblad S","Gong X"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Local temporal Rac1-GTP nadirs and peaks restrict cell protrusions and retractions.","description":"Cells probe their microenvironment using membrane protrusion-retraction cycles. Spatiotemporal coordination of Rac1 and RhoA GTP-binding activities initiates and reinforces protrusions and retractions, but the control of their finite lifetime remains unclear. We examined the relations of Rac1 and RhoA GTP-binding levels to key protrusion and retraction events, as well as to cell-ECM traction forces at physiologically relevant ECM stiffness. High RhoA-GTP preceded retractions and Rac1-GTP elevation before protrusions. Notable temporal Rac1-GTP nadirs and peaks occurred at the maximal edge velocity of local membrane protrusions and retractions, respectively, followed by declined edge velocity. Moreover, altered local Rac1-GTP consistently preceded similarly altered traction force. Local optogenetic Rac1-GTP perturbations defined a function of Rac1 in restricting protrusions and retractions and in promoting local traction force. Together, we show that Rac1 plays a fundamental role in restricting the size and durability of protrusions and retractions, plausibly in part through controlling traction forces.","dates":{"release":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2022 Mar","modification":"2025-04-19T08:21:29.593Z","creation":"2025-02-19T01:22:18.882Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC8942371","cross_references":{"pubmed":["35319996"],"doi":["10.1126/sciadv.abl3667"]}}