{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Mousa AH"],"funding":["European Research Council","Stiftelsen f?r?Strategisk Forskning","Vetenskapsr?det"],"pagination":["2752-2763"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8944941"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["34(6)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Injectable bioelectronics could become an alternative or a complement to traditional drug treatments. To this end, a new self-doped p-type conducting PEDOT-S copolymer (<b>A5</b>) was synthesized. This copolymer formed highly water-dispersed nanoparticles and aggregated into a mixed ion-electron conducting hydrogel when injected into a tissue model. First, we synthetically repeated most of the published methods for PEDOT-S at the lab scale. Surprisingly, analysis using high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectroscopy showed that almost all the methods generated PEDOT-S derivatives with the same polymer lengths (i.e., oligomers, seven to eight monomers in average); thus, the polymer length cannot account for the differences in the conductivities reported earlier. The main difference, however, was that some methods generated an unintentional copolymer P(EDOT-S/EDOT-OH) that is more prone to aggregate and display higher conductivities in general than the PEDOT-S homopolymer. Based on this, we synthesized the PEDOT-S derivative <b>A5</b>, that displayed the highest film conductivity (33 S cm<sup>-1</sup>) among all PEDOT-S derivatives synthesized. Injecting <b>A5</b> nanoparticles into the agarose gel cast with a physiological buffer generated a stable and highly conductive hydrogel (1-5 S cm<sup>-1</sup>), where no conductive structures were seen in agarose with the other PEDOT-S derivatives. Furthermore, the ion-treated <b>A5</b> hydrogel remained stable and maintained initial conductivities for 7 months (the longest period tested) in pure water, and <b>A5</b> mixed with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles generated a magnetoconductive relay device in water. Thus, we have successfully synthesized a water-processable, syringe-injectable, and self-doped PEDOT-S polymer capable of forming a conductive hydrogel in tissue mimics, thereby paving a way for future applications within in vivo electronics."],"journal":["Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society"],"pubmed_title":["Method Matters: Exploring Alkoxysulfonate-Functionalized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and Its Unintentional Self-Aggregating Copolymer toward Injectable Bioelectronics."],"pmcid":["PMC8944941"],"funding_grant_id":["RMX18-0083","2018-05258","2018-06197","834677"],"pubmed_authors":["Mousa AH","Ekstrom P","Marko-Varga G","Bliman D","Strakosas X","Berggren M","Hellman K","Hjort M","Savvakis M","Ek F","Olsson R","Hiram Betancourt L"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Method Matters: Exploring Alkoxysulfonate-Functionalized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and Its Unintentional Self-Aggregating Copolymer toward Injectable Bioelectronics.","description":"Injectable bioelectronics could become an alternative or a complement to traditional drug treatments. To this end, a new self-doped p-type conducting PEDOT-S copolymer (<b>A5</b>) was synthesized. This copolymer formed highly water-dispersed nanoparticles and aggregated into a mixed ion-electron conducting hydrogel when injected into a tissue model. First, we synthetically repeated most of the published methods for PEDOT-S at the lab scale. Surprisingly, analysis using high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectroscopy showed that almost all the methods generated PEDOT-S derivatives with the same polymer lengths (i.e., oligomers, seven to eight monomers in average); thus, the polymer length cannot account for the differences in the conductivities reported earlier. The main difference, however, was that some methods generated an unintentional copolymer P(EDOT-S/EDOT-OH) that is more prone to aggregate and display higher conductivities in general than the PEDOT-S homopolymer. Based on this, we synthesized the PEDOT-S derivative <b>A5</b>, that displayed the highest film conductivity (33 S cm<sup>-1</sup>) among all PEDOT-S derivatives synthesized. Injecting <b>A5</b> nanoparticles into the agarose gel cast with a physiological buffer generated a stable and highly conductive hydrogel (1-5 S cm<sup>-1</sup>), where no conductive structures were seen in agarose with the other PEDOT-S derivatives. Furthermore, the ion-treated <b>A5</b> hydrogel remained stable and maintained initial conductivities for 7 months (the longest period tested) in pure water, and <b>A5</b> mixed with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles generated a magnetoconductive relay device in water. Thus, we have successfully synthesized a water-processable, syringe-injectable, and self-doped PEDOT-S polymer capable of forming a conductive hydrogel in tissue mimics, thereby paving a way for future applications within in vivo electronics.","dates":{"release":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2022 Mar","modification":"2025-04-05T15:59:53.14Z","creation":"2025-04-05T15:59:53.14Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC8944941","cross_references":{"pubmed":["35360437"],"doi":["10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c04342"]}}