biostudies-literatureKuo WSMinistry of Science and Technology, TaiwanNanjing University of Information Science & Technology, China3230https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8949782biostudies-literatureUnknown23(6)Nitrogen doping and amino group functionalization through chemical modification lead to strong electron donation. Applying these processes to a large π-conjugated system of graphene quantum dot (GQD)-based materials as electron donors increases the charge transfer efficiency of nitrogen-doped amino acid-functionalized GQDs (amino-N-GQDs), resulting in enhanced two-photon absorption, post-two-photon excitation (TPE) stability, TPE cross-sections, and two-photon luminescence through the radiative pathway when the lifetime decreases and the quantum yield increases. Additionally, it leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species through two-photon photodynamic therapy (PDT). The sorted amino-N-GQDs prepared in this study exhibited excitation-wavelength-independent two-photon luminescence iInternational journal of molecular sciencesTwo-Photon-Near Infrared-II Antimicrobial Graphene-Nanoagent for Ultraviolet-Near Infrared Imaging and Photoinactivation.PMC8949782ANHRF110-34CMEMR2021-B111JA82018r047AS-HLGC-110-07MOST 110-2221-E-006-013-MY3Kao HFChang CCLin YSHsieh MHKuo WSWu PCChang CYWang JYChen PCLin SHfalseTwo-Photon-Near Infrared-II Antimicrobial Graphene-Nanoagent for Ultraviolet-Near Infrared Imaging and Photoinactivation.Nitrogen doping and amino group functionalization through chemical modification lead to strong electron donation. Applying these processes to a large π-conjugated system of graphene quantum dot (GQD)-based materials as electron donors increases the charge transfer efficiency of nitrogen-doped amino acid-functionalized GQDs (amino-N-GQDs), resulting in enhanced two-photon absorption, post-two-photon excitation (TPE) stability, TPE cross-sections, and two-photon luminescence through the radiative pathway when the lifetime decreases and the quantum yield increases. Additionally, it leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species through two-photon photodynamic therapy (PDT). The sorted amino-N-GQDs prepared in this study exhibited excitation-wavelength-independent two-photon luminescence i2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Mar2025-04-26T03:49:26.148Z2025-04-06T10:58:17.902ZS-EPMC89497823532865310.3390/ijms23063230