biostudies-literatureGu YNIDCR NIH HHS551-572https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8963777biostudies-literatureUnknown16(1)Community water fluoridation is an important component of oral health promotion, as fluoride exposure is a well-documented dental caries-preventive agent. Direct measurements of domestic water fluoride content provide valuable information regarding individuals' fluoride exposure and thus caries risk; however, they are logistically challenging to carry out at a large scale in oral health research. This article describes the development and evaluation of a novel method for the imputation of missing domestic water fluoride concentration data informed by spatial autocorrelation. The context is a state-wide epidemiologic study of pediatric oral health in North Carolina, where domestic water fluoride concentration information was missing for approximately 75% of study participants with clinical The annals of applied statisticsPARTITIONING AROUND MEDOIDS CLUSTERING AND RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFICATION FOR GIS-INFORMED IMPUTATION OF FLUORIDE CONCENTRATION DATA.PMC8963777U01 DE025046Shah MGinnis JDivaris KPreisser JSGu YSimancas-Pallares MAShrestha PZeng DfalsePARTITIONING AROUND MEDOIDS CLUSTERING AND RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFICATION FOR GIS-INFORMED IMPUTATION OF FLUORIDE CONCENTRATION DATA.Community water fluoridation is an important component of oral health promotion, as fluoride exposure is a well-documented dental caries-preventive agent. Direct measurements of domestic water fluoride content provide valuable information regarding individuals' fluoride exposure and thus caries risk; however, they are logistically challenging to carry out at a large scale in oral health research. This article describes the development and evaluation of a novel method for the imputation of missing domestic water fluoride concentration data informed by spatial autocorrelation. The context is a state-wide epidemiologic study of pediatric oral health in North Carolina, where domestic water fluoride concentration information was missing for approximately 75% of study participants with clinical 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Mar2025-04-19T00:40:59.562Z2025-04-07T11:45:03.826ZS-EPMC89637773535649210.1214/21-aoas1516