biostudies-literatureUnknown13Li MAgricultural Science and Technology Innovation ProgramHigh nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) is important for increasing milk protein production and decreasing the feed nitrogen cost and nitrogen emission to the environment. Currently, there is a limited whole picture of the relationship between ruminal bacteriome and the NUE of dairy cows, even though some information has been revealed about the bacteriome and milk or milk protein production of dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to compare the rumen bacterial community in dairy cows with different nitrogen utilization efficiency under the same diet. The natural abundance of ¹⁵N between the animal proteins and diet (Δ¹⁵N) was used as a simple, non-invasive, and accurate biomarker for NUE in ruminants to mark the individual variation. Dairy cows with high NUE (Frontiers in microbiology815225https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8975277biostudies-literatureContribution of Ruminal Bacteriome to the Individual Variation of Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Dairy Cows.PMC8975277Zhao SZheng NZhong HWang JLi MfalseContribution of Ruminal Bacteriome to the Individual Variation of Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Dairy Cows.High nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) is important for increasing milk protein production and decreasing the feed nitrogen cost and nitrogen emission to the environment. Currently, there is a limited whole picture of the relationship between ruminal bacteriome and the NUE of dairy cows, even though some information has been revealed about the bacteriome and milk or milk protein production of dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to compare the rumen bacterial community in dairy cows with different nitrogen utilization efficiency under the same diet. The natural abundance of ¹⁵N between the animal proteins and diet (Δ¹⁵N) was used as a simple, non-invasive, and accurate biomarker for NUE in ruminants to mark the individual variation. Dairy cows with high NUE (2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222026-05-30T23:08:30.773Z2025-04-19T07:48:49.435ZS-EPMC89752773536950710.3389/fmicb.2022.815225