biostudies-literatureKim YJNIA NIH HHSNIH350-358https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8989059biostudies-literatureUnknown24(4)Since the introduction of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in the 1940s, randomized clinical trials and observational studies have been performed to determine the benefits and risks of MHT. However, MHT therapeutic impact remains under debate as multiple factors including genetic biomarkers and medical history contribute to inter-individual variations in neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we review the characteristics of women who participated in clinical studies and methodological approaches for study analyses to assess the critical variables influencing an association between MHT and risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Outcomes of the review indicated that: (1) observational studies assessed outcomes of MHT in symptomatic women whereas MHT clinical trials were conducted in asymptomatic Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause SocietyPrecision hormone therapy: identification of positive responders.PMC8989059R01 AG057931R37 AG0535891R01AG057931P01-AG026572P01 AG026572R37AG053589Brinton RDKim YJfalsePrecision hormone therapy: identification of positive responders.Since the introduction of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in the 1940s, randomized clinical trials and observational studies have been performed to determine the benefits and risks of MHT. However, MHT therapeutic impact remains under debate as multiple factors including genetic biomarkers and medical history contribute to inter-individual variations in neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we review the characteristics of women who participated in clinical studies and methodological approaches for study analyses to assess the critical variables influencing an association between MHT and risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Outcomes of the review indicated that: (1) observational studies assessed outcomes of MHT in symptomatic women whereas MHT clinical trials were conducted in asymptomatic 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Aug2025-04-22T10:53:23.843Z2024-11-19T21:19:12.969ZS-EPMC89890593361594210.1080/13697137.2021.1882418