biostudies-literatureMitsven SGNICHD NIH HHSCenter for Substance Abuse TreatmentNational Institute on Drug AbuseNational Institute of Child Health and Human Developmente13185https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9012671biostudies-literatureUnknown25(3)Infant attachment is a key predictor of later socioemotional functioning, but it is not clear how parental responsivity to infant expressive behavior is associated with attachment outcomes. A mid-range model of responsivity holds that both unresponsive and highly reactive parental behaviors lead to insecure and disorganized attachment. We examined the relationship between maternal (and infant) contingent responsivity and attachment in a high-risk sample. Participants were 625 infant-mother pairs from a longitudinal study of children with and without prenatal drug exposure and variable levels of associated social risks. Infant-mother pairs participated in the Face-to-Face/Still-Face paradigm (FFSF) at 4-months and in the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) at 18-months. A model incorporating Developmental scienceTesting the mid-range model: Attachment in a high risk sample.PMC9012671U10 HD036790N01‐HD‐2‐3159N1HD23159AU10 HD027904U10 HD 21415U10 HD 36790U10 HD 27904U10 HD021385U24 HD095254U10 HD021397U10 HD 21385U10 HD 21397Tronick EZSheinkopf SJTenenbaum EJPrince EBMitsven SGMessinger DSSeifer RLester BMfalseTesting the mid-range model: Attachment in a high risk sample.Infant attachment is a key predictor of later socioemotional functioning, but it is not clear how parental responsivity to infant expressive behavior is associated with attachment outcomes. A mid-range model of responsivity holds that both unresponsive and highly reactive parental behaviors lead to insecure and disorganized attachment. We examined the relationship between maternal (and infant) contingent responsivity and attachment in a high-risk sample. Participants were 625 infant-mother pairs from a longitudinal study of children with and without prenatal drug exposure and variable levels of associated social risks. Infant-mother pairs participated in the Face-to-Face/Still-Face paradigm (FFSF) at 4-months and in the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) at 18-months. A model incorporating 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 May2025-05-31T23:14:30.835Z2025-05-31T23:14:30.835ZS-EPMC90126713474336410.1111/desc.13185