biostudies-literatureUnknown3Bahlool AZTuberculosis (TB) is the top bacterial infectious disease killer and one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. The emergence of strains of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has pushed our available stock of anti-TB agents to the limit of effectiveness. This has increased the urgent need to develop novel treatment strategies using currently available resources. An adjunctive, host-directed therapy (HDT) designed to act on the host, instead of the bacteria, by boosting the host immune response through activation of intracellular pathways could be the answer. The integration of multidisciplinary approaches of repurposing currently FDA-approved drugs, with a targeted drug-delivery platform is a very promising option to reduce the long timeline associated with the approval of neCurrent research in immunology54-72https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9040133biostudies-literatureAll <i>trans</i> retinoic acid as a host-directed immunotherapy for tuberculosis.PMC9040133Bahlool AZGrant CO'Sullivan MPCryan SAKeane JfalseAll <i>trans</i> retinoic acid as a host-directed immunotherapy for tuberculosis.Tuberculosis (TB) is the top bacterial infectious disease killer and one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. The emergence of strains of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has pushed our available stock of anti-TB agents to the limit of effectiveness. This has increased the urgent need to develop novel treatment strategies using currently available resources. An adjunctive, host-directed therapy (HDT) designed to act on the host, instead of the bacteria, by boosting the host immune response through activation of intracellular pathways could be the answer. The integration of multidisciplinary approaches of repurposing currently FDA-approved drugs, with a targeted drug-delivery platform is a very promising option to reduce the long timeline associated with the approval of ne2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222025-05-31T22:20:08.791Z2024-11-09T20:31:57.508ZS-EPMC90401333549682410.1016/j.crimmu.2022.03.003