biostudies-literatureMirabelli CHHS | National Institutes of HealthUniversity of MichiganDELTAS Africa grantEuropean UnionNIDDK NIH HHSNIAID NIH HHSNew Zealand Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment grantHHS | NIH | National Cancer InstituteNCI NIH HHSNational Institutes of HealthUM | Medical School, University of MichiganNIH HHSe0017522https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9040803biostudies-literatureUnknown13(2)Human norovirus (HNoV) is a global health and socioeconomic burden, estimated to infect every individual at least five times during their lifetime. The underlying mechanism for the potential lack of long-term immune protection from HNoV infections is not understood and prompted us to investigate HNoV susceptibility of primary human B cells and its functional impact. Primary B cells isolated from whole blood were infected with HNoV-positive stool samples and harvested at 3 days postinfection (dpi) to assess the viral RNA yield by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). A 3- to 18-fold increase in the HNoV RNA yield was observed in 50 to 60% of donors. Infection was further confirmed in B cells derived from splenic and lymph node biopsy specimens. Next, we characterized infection omBioHuman Norovirus Triggers Primary B Cell Immune Activation <i>In Vitro</i>.PMC9040803DK097153MICHR training grant (LT1)R01 CA242003UOOX1904Kirschstein-NRSA F32 fellowshipR21 AI142032R37CA237421Charles Woodson Clinical Research FundR21 AI130328Pediatric Brain Tumor InitiativeR21AI130328R37 CA237421Marie-Slodowska Curie global fellowshipR01AI123144R01 AI141478U24 DK097153R01 AI123144DEL-15-007: AwandareWobus CEWard VKJones MKShan MTurula HMirabelli CGrigorova ITrevino JGOwusu IAbuaita BKarst SMKolawole AOLyssiotis CAYoung VLLundy SKfalseHuman Norovirus Triggers Primary B Cell Immune Activation <i>In Vitro</i>.Human norovirus (HNoV) is a global health and socioeconomic burden, estimated to infect every individual at least five times during their lifetime. The underlying mechanism for the potential lack of long-term immune protection from HNoV infections is not understood and prompted us to investigate HNoV susceptibility of primary human B cells and its functional impact. Primary B cells isolated from whole blood were infected with HNoV-positive stool samples and harvested at 3 days postinfection (dpi) to assess the viral RNA yield by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). A 3- to 18-fold increase in the HNoV RNA yield was observed in 50 to 60% of donors. Infection was further confirmed in B cells derived from splenic and lymph node biopsy specimens. Next, we characterized infection o2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Apr2026-06-10T03:19:08.205Z2024-11-06T10:20:48.464ZS-EPMC90408033540412110.1128/mbio.00175-22