biostudies-literatureKhan INational Basic Research Program of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China20738-20744https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9054296biostudies-literatureUnknown10(35)Extracts from Antarctic-derived <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> CCTCC M 2020019 showed potent antibacterial bioactivities. We report herein the isolation of chrysonin (1), a new compound containing a pair of enantiomers 6<i>S</i>- and 6<i>R</i>-chrysonin (1a and 1b) featuring an unprecedented eight-membered heterocycle fused with a benzene ring. Compound 2, a mixture consisting of a new zwitterionic compound chrysomamide (2a) and <i>N</i>-[2-<i>trans</i>-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethenyl] formamide (2b) in a ratio around 1 : 2.8, was isolated together with seven known compounds 3-9. Chemical structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial, cytotoxic and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activities. Chrysonin (1) showed moderate alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The dominant product xanthocillin X (4) displayed potent inhibition activities against Gram-negative pathogens <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> with MIC values at 0.125 μg mL^-1. Xanthocillins X (4) and Y1 (5) also showed significant cytotoxicities against four cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.26 to 5.04 μM. This study highlights that microorganisms from polar regions are emerging as a new resource for the discovery of natural products combating human pathogens.RSC advancesIdentification and bioactivity evaluation of secondary metabolites from Antarctic-derived <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> CCTCC M 2020019.PMC90542962018YFC14067052018YFC14067044140618381872778Zhang GZhang WKhan IPeng FZhang HChen YZhang LZhang CZhang QLiu WfalseIdentification and bioactivity evaluation of secondary metabolites from Antarctic-derived <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> CCTCC M 2020019.Extracts from Antarctic-derived <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> CCTCC M 2020019 showed potent antibacterial bioactivities. We report herein the isolation of chrysonin (1), a new compound containing a pair of enantiomers 6<i>S</i>- and 6<i>R</i>-chrysonin (1a and 1b) featuring an unprecedented eight-membered heterocycle fused with a benzene ring. Compound 2, a mixture consisting of a new zwitterionic compound chrysomamide (2a) and <i>N</i>-[2-<i>trans</i>-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethenyl] formamide (2b) in a ratio around 1 : 2.8, was isolated together with seven known compounds 3-9. Chemical structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial, cytotoxic and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activities. Chrysonin (1) showed moderate alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The dominant product xanthocillin X (4) displayed potent inhibition activities against Gram-negative pathogens <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> with MIC values at 0.125 μg mL^-1. Xanthocillins X (4) and Y1 (5) also showed significant cytotoxicities against four cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.26 to 5.04 μM. This study highlights that microorganisms from polar regions are emerging as a new resource for the discovery of natural products combating human pathogens.2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 May2026-05-31T20:04:54.835Z2024-11-20T01:28:41.402ZS-EPMC90542963551774610.1039/d0ra03529g