{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["10(71)"],"submitter":["Kim SK"],"funding":["Korea Electric Power Corporation"],"pubmed_abstract":["We compared nickel oxide (NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> ) deposited by thermal evaporation and that deposited by the spin-coating process, for use in the hole transport layers of inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Spin-coating deposition for NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> HTL has been widely used, owing to its simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency. However, the spin-coating process has a technical limit to depositing a large-area uniformly. In contrast, thermal evaporation fabrication has a low price and is able to produce uniform and reproducible thin film. Hence, the chemical states, energy band alignment, surface morphologies, and microstructures of NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> deposited by spin coating and thermal evaporation were analyzed. The PSC with NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> HTL deposited by thermal evaporation showed a higher power conversion efficiency of 16.64% with open circuit voltage 1.07 V, short circuit current density of 20.68 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>, and a fill factor of 75.51% compared to that of PSC with spin-coated NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> . We confirmed that thermal evaporation can deposit NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> to give a better performance as a HTL with higher reproducibility than spin-coating."],"journal":["RSC advances"],"pagination":["43847-43852"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9058328"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["Comparison of NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> thin film deposited by spin-coating or thermal evaporation for application as a hole transport layer of perovskite solar cells."],"pmcid":["PMC9058328"],"pubmed_authors":["Kim DH","Choi DH","Kim HK","Kim SC","Seok HJ","Kim SK","Nam SJ"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Comparison of NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> thin film deposited by spin-coating or thermal evaporation for application as a hole transport layer of perovskite solar cells.","description":"We compared nickel oxide (NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> ) deposited by thermal evaporation and that deposited by the spin-coating process, for use in the hole transport layers of inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Spin-coating deposition for NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> HTL has been widely used, owing to its simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency. However, the spin-coating process has a technical limit to depositing a large-area uniformly. In contrast, thermal evaporation fabrication has a low price and is able to produce uniform and reproducible thin film. Hence, the chemical states, energy band alignment, surface morphologies, and microstructures of NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> deposited by spin coating and thermal evaporation were analyzed. The PSC with NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> HTL deposited by thermal evaporation showed a higher power conversion efficiency of 16.64% with open circuit voltage 1.07 V, short circuit current density of 20.68 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>, and a fill factor of 75.51% compared to that of PSC with spin-coated NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> . We confirmed that thermal evaporation can deposit NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> to give a better performance as a HTL with higher reproducibility than spin-coating.","dates":{"release":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2020 Nov","modification":"2025-05-18T12:06:42.617Z","creation":"2025-04-06T22:55:28.497Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC9058328","cross_references":{"pubmed":["35519689"],"doi":["10.1039/d0ra08776a"]}}