biostudies-literatureUnknown1(2)Conteduca GMinistero dell&apos;Istruzione, dell&apos;Università e della Ricerca‘Associazione Nazionale Alopecia Areata’<h4>Background</h4>Alopecia areata (AA) spares the stem cell compartment and attacks only the base of the hair follicle, which is surrounded by infiltrating lymphocytes. AA is associated with polymorphisms in immune-related genes and with decreased function of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells. Treg function is modulated by the costimulatory molecules, like inducible costimulator (ICOS) that are crucial in orienting T cell differentiation and function so that they strongly impact on the immunologic decision between tolerance or autoimmunity development.<h4>Objective</h4>The aim of our study was to investigate the possible association of AA with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) present in the ICOS 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) region and to elucidate how SNPs modulate ICOS gene exprSkin health and diseasee34https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9060044biostudies-literatureSingle-nucleotide polymorphisms in 3'-untranslated region inducible costimulator gene and the important roles of miRNA in alopecia areata.PMC9060044Altosole TNegrini SFausti VMarchese CKalli FIndiveri FRizza EFilaci GConteduca GCoviello DTardito SOccella CParodi AFerrera FMegiorni FRossi APizzuti AFenoglio DfalseSingle-nucleotide polymorphisms in 3'-untranslated region inducible costimulator gene and the important roles of miRNA in alopecia areata.<h4>Background</h4>Alopecia areata (AA) spares the stem cell compartment and attacks only the base of the hair follicle, which is surrounded by infiltrating lymphocytes. AA is associated with polymorphisms in immune-related genes and with decreased function of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells. Treg function is modulated by the costimulatory molecules, like inducible costimulator (ICOS) that are crucial in orienting T cell differentiation and function so that they strongly impact on the immunologic decision between tolerance or autoimmunity development.<h4>Objective</h4>The aim of our study was to investigate the possible association of AA with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) present in the ICOS 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) region and to elucidate how SNPs modulate ICOS gene expr2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Jun2026-05-09T20:12:55.433Z2025-02-19T00:56:13.994ZS-EPMC90600443566497310.1002/ski2.34