biostudies-literatureLittle JSHoward Hughes Medical InstituteCystic Fibrosis FoundationU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of HealthNIGMS NIH HHS2313https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9064978biostudies-literatureUnknown13(1)Mycobacterium chelonae is a rare cause of chronic disseminated cutaneous infections in immunocompromised patients. Multidrug-resistant M. chelonae infections present a challenge for treatment, and prolonged antimicrobial courses lead to significant toxicities and further antimicrobial resistance. We report a case of refractory cutaneous disseminated M. chelonae infection in a patient with seronegative arthritis on immunotherapy with tofacitinib that was treated with combination antimicrobial, surgical, and single bacteriophage therapy with excellent clinical response. The patient developed neutralizing antibodies against the bacteriophage but continues to have stable improvement of disease with negative biopsies and no evidence of bacterial resistance to the phage.Nature communicationsBacteriophage treatment of disseminated cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection.PMC9064978HATFUL19GOGM131729GT12053R35 GM131729Hatfull GFLittle JSBenson CADedrick RMCristinziano MSmith BEBaden LRFreeman KGJhaveri TASolomon DAfalseBacteriophage treatment of disseminated cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection.Mycobacterium chelonae is a rare cause of chronic disseminated cutaneous infections in immunocompromised patients. Multidrug-resistant M. chelonae infections present a challenge for treatment, and prolonged antimicrobial courses lead to significant toxicities and further antimicrobial resistance. We report a case of refractory cutaneous disseminated M. chelonae infection in a patient with seronegative arthritis on immunotherapy with tofacitinib that was treated with combination antimicrobial, surgical, and single bacteriophage therapy with excellent clinical response. The patient developed neutralizing antibodies against the bacteriophage but continues to have stable improvement of disease with negative biopsies and no evidence of bacterial resistance to the phage.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 May2026-03-18T13:40:53.411Z2025-04-19T09:20:49.552ZS-EPMC90649783550490810.1038/s41467-022-29689-4