biostudies-literatureUnknown8(28)Vong MThe combination of electrospinning with extrusion based 3D printing technology opens new pathways for micro- and nanofabrication, which can be applied in a wide range of applications. This simple and inexpensive method has been proven to fabricate 3D fibrous polystyrene structures with controlled morphology and micro- to nano-scale fibers diameter. The controllable movement of the nozzle allows precise positioning of the deposition area of the fibers during electrospinning. A programmed circular nozzle pattern results in the formation of controllable 3D polystyrene designed shapes with fiber diameters down to 550 nm. The assembly of the fibrous structures starts instantaneously, and a 4 cm tall and 6 cm wide sample can be produced within a 10 minutes electrospinning process. The product exRSC advances15501-15512https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9080079biostudies-literatureControlled three-dimensional polystyrene micro- and nano-structures fabricated by three-dimensional electrospinning.PMC9080079Radacsi NSpeirs ENuansing WKlomkliang CVong MAkinwumi IfalseControlled three-dimensional polystyrene micro- and nano-structures fabricated by three-dimensional electrospinning.The combination of electrospinning with extrusion based 3D printing technology opens new pathways for micro- and nanofabrication, which can be applied in a wide range of applications. This simple and inexpensive method has been proven to fabricate 3D fibrous polystyrene structures with controlled morphology and micro- to nano-scale fibers diameter. The controllable movement of the nozzle allows precise positioning of the deposition area of the fibers during electrospinning. A programmed circular nozzle pattern results in the formation of controllable 3D polystyrene designed shapes with fiber diameters down to 550 nm. The assembly of the fibrous structures starts instantaneously, and a 4 cm tall and 6 cm wide sample can be produced within a 10 minutes electrospinning process. The product ex2018-01-01T00:00:00Z2018 Apr2025-04-26T15:20:47.958Z2025-02-19T03:24:18.016ZS-EPMC90800793553947510.1039/c7ra13278f