biostudies-literatureFerreira LSFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas GeraisCoordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development1081https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9099685biostudies-literatureUnknown12(9)Maned wolves (<i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>) are monogamous and display biparental care for their young, although adults rarely spend time in close proximity. To better understand vocal interactions of maned wolves over long-distances, we passively recorded &gt;10 months of audio data in the species' natural habitat and analyzed manual recordings of captive animals, covering the reproductive and non-reproductive seasons. In the natural habitat recordings, we found that maned wolves engage in vocal exchanges (termed interactive sequences) more often during the mating season, suggesting the existence of a partner attraction/reunion/guarding function, and also during the initial parental care period, suggesting communication among caregivers. We analyzed 21 interactive sequences, which were thAnimals : an open access journal from MDPILong-Distance Counter Calling in Maned Wolves: Friends or Foes?PMC9099685PNPD postdoc fellowship 88887.472468/2019-00 to L.S.FPhD scholarship 23001011 to L.S.F.PPM Programme to F.H.R.Edital Universal grant number 474000/2010-9 to F.H.R.Bolsa Produtividade em Pesquisa grant number 301665/2011-7 to F.H.R.Sousa-Lima RSFerreira LSRocha LHSabato VNeto ERodrigues FHPinheiro TABaumgarten JfalseLong-Distance Counter Calling in Maned Wolves: Friends or Foes?Maned wolves (<i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>) are monogamous and display biparental care for their young, although adults rarely spend time in close proximity. To better understand vocal interactions of maned wolves over long-distances, we passively recorded &gt;10 months of audio data in the species' natural habitat and analyzed manual recordings of captive animals, covering the reproductive and non-reproductive seasons. In the natural habitat recordings, we found that maned wolves engage in vocal exchanges (termed interactive sequences) more often during the mating season, suggesting the existence of a partner attraction/reunion/guarding function, and also during the initial parental care period, suggesting communication among caregivers. We analyzed 21 interactive sequences, which were th2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Apr2025-04-04T22:52:50.995Z2025-02-19T00:55:44.335ZS-EPMC90996853556550810.3390/ani12091081