biostudies-literatureYuan XHNational Natural Science Foundation of China81https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9107719biostudies-literatureUnknown19(1)<h4>Background</h4>Human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) accounts for a large proportion of HRV-related illnesses, but the immune response to HRV-C infection has not been elucidated. Our objective was to assess the effect of HRV-C on cytokine secretion in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells grown at air-liquid interface (ALI) and compare it with that of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).<h4>Methods</h4>HBE cells were differentiated at ALI culture and the full-length cDNA clones of HRV-C651 and HRV-C15, clinical isolates of HRV-C79 and HRV-C101, and two RSV isolates were inoculated in the HBE cells. The effect of HRV-C on cytokine secretion was assessed and compared with that of RSV.<h4>Results</h4>HRV-Cs infect and propagate in fully differentiated HBE cells and significantly increase the secretion of IFN-λ1, CCL5, IP10, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. The virus loads positively correlated with the levels of the cytokines. HRV-C induced lower secretion of CCL5 (P = 0.048), IL-6 (P = 0.016), MCP-1 (P = 0.008), and IL-8 (P = 0.032), and similar secretion of IP10 (P = 0.214) and IFN-λ1 (P = 0.214) when compared with RSV.<h4>Conclusion</h4>HBE ALI culture system supported HRV-C infection and propagation and HRV-C induced relatively weaker cytokine expression than RSV.Virology journalComparison of immune response to human rhinovirus C and respiratory syncytial virus in highly differentiated human airway epithelial cells.PMC910771981672020Pang LLYang JYuan XHJin YfalseComparison of immune response to human rhinovirus C and respiratory syncytial virus in highly differentiated human airway epithelial cells.<h4>Background</h4>Human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) accounts for a large proportion of HRV-related illnesses, but the immune response to HRV-C infection has not been elucidated. Our objective was to assess the effect of HRV-C on cytokine secretion in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells grown at air-liquid interface (ALI) and compare it with that of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).<h4>Methods</h4>HBE cells were differentiated at ALI culture and the full-length cDNA clones of HRV-C651 and HRV-C15, clinical isolates of HRV-C79 and HRV-C101, and two RSV isolates were inoculated in the HBE cells. The effect of HRV-C on cytokine secretion was assessed and compared with that of RSV.<h4>Results</h4>HRV-Cs infect and propagate in fully differentiated HBE cells and significantly increase the secretion of IFN-λ1, CCL5, IP10, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. The virus loads positively correlated with the levels of the cytokines. HRV-C induced lower secretion of CCL5 (P = 0.048), IL-6 (P = 0.016), MCP-1 (P = 0.008), and IL-8 (P = 0.032), and similar secretion of IP10 (P = 0.214) and IFN-λ1 (P = 0.214) when compared with RSV.<h4>Conclusion</h4>HBE ALI culture system supported HRV-C infection and propagation and HRV-C induced relatively weaker cytokine expression than RSV.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 May2025-04-04T19:31:42.5Z2025-02-19T02:57:57.31ZS-EPMC91077193557027910.1186/s12985-022-01805-2