biostudies-literatureUnknown13Tian RThe GATA transcription factor Pannier is identified as the major regulatory gene in color pattern formation in the Asian multi-colored ladybird beetle (Harmonia axyridis). however, the mechanisms of Pannier in regulating melanin synthesis and development in H. axyridis remain elusive. In this study, we identified and characterized Pannier in H. axyridis (HaPnr) and showed it to have two alternative spliced variants named HaPnr-α and HaPnr-β. Analyses of developmental stage expression patterns revealed that HaPnr, HaPnr-α and HaPnr-β were constitutively expressed throughout all developmental stages. To examine the role of HaPnr in H. axyridis development, RNA interference was performed in late Frontiers in physiology909258https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9110671biostudies-literatureThe Molecular Properties and Roles of Pannier in Harmonia axyridis's Metamorphosis and Melanin Synthesis.PMC9110671Wu MZang LWang SXu QTian RChen XXiao DfalseThe Molecular Properties and Roles of Pannier in Harmonia axyridis's Metamorphosis and Melanin Synthesis.The GATA transcription factor Pannier is identified as the major regulatory gene in color pattern formation in the Asian multi-colored ladybird beetle (Harmonia axyridis). however, the mechanisms of Pannier in regulating melanin synthesis and development in H. axyridis remain elusive. In this study, we identified and characterized Pannier in H. axyridis (HaPnr) and showed it to have two alternative spliced variants named HaPnr-α and HaPnr-β. Analyses of developmental stage expression patterns revealed that HaPnr, HaPnr-α and HaPnr-β were constitutively expressed throughout all developmental stages. To examine the role of HaPnr in H. axyridis development, RNA interference was performed in late 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222026-05-31T07:09:12.54Z2024-11-12T19:11:57.288ZS-EPMC91106713559203110.3389/fphys.2022.909258