biostudies-literatureGamble KCMerck PharmaceuticalsNCATS NIH HHSnational center for advancing translational sciencesnational institutes of health230-236https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9117780biostudies-literatureUnknown57(2)<b>Introduction:</b> Fluid stewardship targets optimal fluid management to improve patient outcomes. Intravenous (IV) medications, flushes, and blood products, collectively referred to as hidden fluids, contribute to fluid intake in the intensive care unit (ICU). The impact of specific IV medications on fluid intake is unknown. <b>Objective:</b> Characterize IV medication classes based on contribution to ICU fluid intake by frequency of administration and total volume infused to identify targets for fluid stewardship. <b>Methods:</b> This multi-center, retrospective nested cohort study included patients admitted to a medical or surgical ICU between January 2017 and December 2018. The primary outcome was to identify the volume contribution of specific IV medication classes administered overHospital pharmacyHidden Fluids in Plain Sight: Identifying Intravenous Medication Classes as Contributors to Intensive Care Unit Fluid Intake.PMC9117780UL1 TR002378UL1TR002378KL2TR002381KL2 TR002381Branan TNHawkins WASmith SEBland CMSikora Newsome AGamble KCfalseHidden Fluids in Plain Sight: Identifying Intravenous Medication Classes as Contributors to Intensive Care Unit Fluid Intake.<b>Introduction:</b> Fluid stewardship targets optimal fluid management to improve patient outcomes. Intravenous (IV) medications, flushes, and blood products, collectively referred to as hidden fluids, contribute to fluid intake in the intensive care unit (ICU). The impact of specific IV medications on fluid intake is unknown. <b>Objective:</b> Characterize IV medication classes based on contribution to ICU fluid intake by frequency of administration and total volume infused to identify targets for fluid stewardship. <b>Methods:</b> This multi-center, retrospective nested cohort study included patients admitted to a medical or surgical ICU between January 2017 and December 2018. The primary outcome was to identify the volume contribution of specific IV medication classes administered over2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Apr2026-06-04T04:57:31.743Z2025-04-19T13:28:58.362ZS-EPMC91177803560170810.1177/00185787211016339