biostudies-literatureUnknown140(7)Vergroesen JE<h4>Importance</h4>Recent studies suggest that the diabetes drug metformin has a protective effect on open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, studies have not addressed the critical issue of confounding by indication, and associations have not been evaluated in a large prospective cohort.<h4>Objective</h4>To determine the association between diabetes medication and the common eye diseases OAG, AMD, and cataract and to evaluate their cumulative lifetime risks in a large cohort study.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This cohort study included participants from 3 independent cohorts from the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study between April 23, 1990, and June 25, 2014. Participants were monitored for incident eye diseases (OAG, AMD, caJAMA ophthalmology674-681https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9121302biostudies-literatureAssociation of Diabetes Medication With Open-Angle Glaucoma, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, and Cataract in the Rotterdam Study.PMC9121302Ramdas WDKavousi MKlaver CCWThee EFAhmadizar FStricker BHVergroesen JEvan Duijn CMfalseAssociation of Diabetes Medication With Open-Angle Glaucoma, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, and Cataract in the Rotterdam Study.<h4>Importance</h4>Recent studies suggest that the diabetes drug metformin has a protective effect on open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, studies have not addressed the critical issue of confounding by indication, and associations have not been evaluated in a large prospective cohort.<h4>Objective</h4>To determine the association between diabetes medication and the common eye diseases OAG, AMD, and cataract and to evaluate their cumulative lifetime risks in a large cohort study.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This cohort study included participants from 3 independent cohorts from the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study between April 23, 1990, and June 25, 2014. Participants were monitored for incident eye diseases (OAG, AMD, ca2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Jul2025-05-29T16:22:20.972Z2025-05-29T16:22:20.972ZS-EPMC91213023558786410.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.1435