biostudies-literatureDozier CFondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le CancerAgence Nationale de la Recherche5764https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9144653biostudies-literatureUnknown23(10)MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory non-coding RNAs, resulting from the cleavage of long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) in the nucleus by the Microprocessor complex generating precursors (pre-miRNAs) that are then exported to the cytoplasm and processed into mature miRNAs. Some miRNAs are hosted in pri-miRNAs annotated as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and defined as MIRHGs (for miRNA Host Genes). However, several lnc pri-miRNAs contain translatable small open reading frames (smORFs). If smORFs present within lncRNAs can encode functional small peptides, they can also constitute <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements involved in lncRNA decay. Here, we investigated the possible involvement of smORFs in the regulation of lnc pri-miRNAs in <i>Human</i> and <i>Drosophila</i>, focusing on pri-miRInternational journal of molecular sciencesSmall ORFs as New Regulators of Pri-miRNAs and miRNAs Expression in <i>Human</i> and <i>Drosophila</i>.PMC9144653ANR biomiPEPs ANR-16-CE12-0018ARC PGA1 RF20180206987Dozier CMontigny APlaza SCombier JPViladrich MCulerrier RBesson AfalseSmall ORFs as New Regulators of Pri-miRNAs and miRNAs Expression in <i>Human</i> and <i>Drosophila</i>.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory non-coding RNAs, resulting from the cleavage of long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) in the nucleus by the Microprocessor complex generating precursors (pre-miRNAs) that are then exported to the cytoplasm and processed into mature miRNAs. Some miRNAs are hosted in pri-miRNAs annotated as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and defined as MIRHGs (for miRNA Host Genes). However, several lnc pri-miRNAs contain translatable small open reading frames (smORFs). If smORFs present within lncRNAs can encode functional small peptides, they can also constitute <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements involved in lncRNA decay. Here, we investigated the possible involvement of smORFs in the regulation of lnc pri-miRNAs in <i>Human</i> and <i>Drosophila</i>, focusing on pri-miR2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 May2025-04-22T18:22:13.44Z2025-04-06T02:23:03.989ZS-EPMC91446533562857310.3390/ijms23105764