biostudies-literatureArvind ANCI NIH HHSNational Institutes of Health1091-1093.e3https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9184301biostudies-literatureUnknown21(4)Early hepatocellular cancer (HCC) detection is associated with curative treatment and improved survival.¹ The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases recommends semiannual ultrasound and α-fetoprotein (AFP) in patients with cirrhosis, and those with abnormal results should undergo diagnostic multiphase computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).² The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) was devised to standardize reporting of liver observations in at-risk individuals, ranging from LR-1 ("definitely benign") to LR-5 ("definitely HCC''), with indeterminate observations classified as LR-3 ("intermediate probability of malignancy").³ A study among 999 cirrhosis patients found that indeterminate liver observations are Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological AssociationRisk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Indeterminate (LI-RADS 3) Liver Observations.PMC9184301R01 CA255621R01 CA212008R01 CA233794U01 CA230694Browning TZaki TYokoo TManwaring CSingal AGYekkaluri SParikh NDZhu HNorth American Liver Cancer (NALC) ConsortiumMarrero JAKhatri GArvind ARich NEFetzer DBurkholder DJoshi SYopp ACHoshida YGopal PfalseRisk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Indeterminate (LI-RADS 3) Liver Observations.Early hepatocellular cancer (HCC) detection is associated with curative treatment and improved survival.¹ The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases recommends semiannual ultrasound and α-fetoprotein (AFP) in patients with cirrhosis, and those with abnormal results should undergo diagnostic multiphase computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).² The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) was devised to standardize reporting of liver observations in at-risk individuals, ranging from LR-1 ("definitely benign") to LR-5 ("definitely HCC''), with indeterminate observations classified as LR-3 ("intermediate probability of malignancy").³ A study among 999 cirrhosis patients found that indeterminate liver observations are 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Apr2026-04-08T23:10:07.376Z2026-04-07T13:17:43.443ZS-EPMC91843013490257110.1016/j.cgh.2021.11.042