{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Geczik AM"],"funding":["Intramural NIH HHS"],"pagination":["301-310"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9256865"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["33(2)"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Background</h4>Hair relaxers and skin lighteners have been commonly used by African women, with suggestions that they may have hormonal activity.<h4>Objectives</h4>To investigate the relationship of hair relaxer and skin lightener use to serum estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels.<h4>Methods</h4>We utilized the postmenopausal population-based controls of the Ghana Breast Health Study to estimate adjusted geometric means (GM) and 95% confidence intervals of individual circulating estrogen levels by hair relaxer/skin lightener exposure categories.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 585 postmenopausal women included in our analysis, 80.2% reported hair relaxer use and 29.4% skin lightener use. Ever hair relaxer use was positively associated with estriol (adjusted GM 95.4 pmol/L vs. never 74.5, p value "],"journal":["Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology"],"pubmed_title":["Relation of circulating estrogens with hair relaxer and skin lightener use among postmenopausal women in Ghana."],"pmcid":["PMC9256865"],"funding_grant_id":["ZIA CP010167"],"pubmed_authors":["Wiafe-Addai B","Ansong D","Biritwum R","Garcia-Closas M","Brinton LA","Oppong J","Titiloye N","Edusei L","Nyarko K","Yarney J","Awuah B","Ahearn TU","Adjei E","Dedey F","Wiafe S","Vanderpuye V","Osei-Bonsu E","Clegg-Lamptey JN","Falk RT","Figueroa J","Geczik AM","Xu X","Trabert B","Aitpillah F"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Relation of circulating estrogens with hair relaxer and skin lightener use among postmenopausal women in Ghana.","description":"<h4>Background</h4>Hair relaxers and skin lighteners have been commonly used by African women, with suggestions that they may have hormonal activity.<h4>Objectives</h4>To investigate the relationship of hair relaxer and skin lightener use to serum estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels.<h4>Methods</h4>We utilized the postmenopausal population-based controls of the Ghana Breast Health Study to estimate adjusted geometric means (GM) and 95% confidence intervals of individual circulating estrogen levels by hair relaxer/skin lightener exposure categories.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 585 postmenopausal women included in our analysis, 80.2% reported hair relaxer use and 29.4% skin lightener use. Ever hair relaxer use was positively associated with estriol (adjusted GM 95.4 pmol/L vs. never 74.5, p value ","dates":{"release":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2023 Mar","modification":"2025-04-04T12:28:46.322Z","creation":"2025-04-04T12:28:46.322Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC9256865","cross_references":{"pubmed":["34992224"],"doi":["10.1038/s41370-021-00407-4"]}}