biostudies-literatureYang LXMinistry of Science and Technology, TaiwanFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, the internal funding of the University of MacauThe Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR311https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9258130biostudies-literatureUnknown20(1)The development of optical organic nanoparticles (NPs) is desirable and widely studied. However, most organic dyes are water-insoluble such that the derivatization and modification of these dyes are difficult. Herein, we demonstrated a simple platform for the fabrication of organic NPs designed with emissive properties by loading ten different organic dyes (molar masses of 479.1-1081.7 g/mol) into water-soluble polymer nanosponges composed of poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSMA). The result showed a substantial improvement over the loading of commercial dyes (3.7-50% loading) while preventing their spontaneous aggregation in aqueous solutions. This packaging strategy includes our newly synthesized organic dyes (> 85% loading) designed for OPVs (242), DSSCs (YI-1, YI-3, YI-8), and OLEDs (ADJournal of nanobiotechnologyA universal strategy for the fabrication of single-photon and multiphoton NIR nanoparticles by loading organic dyes into water-soluble polymer nanosponges.PMC9258130MOST 107-2113-M-002-019-MY3MYRG2018-00070-FHSMOST 108-2113-M-006-012-MY3MOST 110-2221-E-002-013MOST 109-2113-M-032-002MOST 109-2113-M-029-009MOST 110-2112-M-003-012-MY3122/2016/A3Yang CSChia ZCHuang CCYang LXPan HMChang YJJiang WRChen LMHuang HMYu JChen CHLiu TMLu YLChen YRChin YCChiu YLZhang ZSun CKCho CHTsai YTWong KTHuang WSLiu YCHuang YTfalseA universal strategy for the fabrication of single-photon and multiphoton NIR nanoparticles by loading organic dyes into water-soluble polymer nanosponges.The development of optical organic nanoparticles (NPs) is desirable and widely studied. However, most organic dyes are water-insoluble such that the derivatization and modification of these dyes are difficult. Herein, we demonstrated a simple platform for the fabrication of organic NPs designed with emissive properties by loading ten different organic dyes (molar masses of 479.1-1081.7 g/mol) into water-soluble polymer nanosponges composed of poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSMA). The result showed a substantial improvement over the loading of commercial dyes (3.7-50% loading) while preventing their spontaneous aggregation in aqueous solutions. This packaging strategy includes our newly synthesized organic dyes (> 85% loading) designed for OPVs (242), DSSCs (YI-1, YI-3, YI-8), and OLEDs (AD2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Jul2025-04-19T04:46:15.472Z2022-07-23T12:07:25.523ZS-EPMC92581303579460210.1186/s12951-022-01515-5